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Search every subject world, from Preschool to Grade 12. The first five courses of every subject path are free.

16 courses

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Geography · Grade 9

World Regions and Geographic Questions

High-school geography begins with two tools: good questions and well-defined regions. Learners practise the geographer's question chain (Where? Why there? So what?) and the five themes, then delineate regions with explicit criteria and thresholds — from the world's five Mediterranean-climate zones to overlapping definitions of the Arab world and Sub-Saharan Africa. They compare world regions with UN population data and frame an inquiry of their own.

  • 4 lessons
  • About 110 min
  • Quiz: 10 questions
Free starter

Geography · Grade 9

Coordinates, Scale and Projections

A quantitative return to the geographer's basic tools. Learners link the number of decimal places in a coordinate to distance on the ground, calculate great-circle distances with the spherical law of cosines and compare them with constant-bearing routes, solve time-zone and date-line problems, and measure projection distortion with scale factors and Tissot's indicatrix before choosing projections for real tasks.

  • 4 lessons
  • About 115 min
  • Quiz: 10 questions
Free starter

Geography · Grade 9

Physical Systems and Landscapes

Learners read landscapes as records of process and time. They examine the evidence for plate tectonics — magnetic stripes, ocean-floor ages and the Hawaiian hotspot chain — and calculate plate speeds; link rock type to landscapes such as karst; explain river, glacial, coastal and desert landforms process by process; and use rates of change to reconstruct how a landscape formed.

  • 4 lessons
  • About 115 min
  • Quiz: 10 questions
Free starter

Geography · Grade 9

Climate, Biomes and Spatial Patterns

Why are the world's great deserts near 30° and its rainforests near the equator? Learners build the three-cell model of global circulation, follow the seasonal migration of the ITCZ that drives monsoons, and trace ocean currents, upwelling and El Niño. They classify climates with Köppen codes from monthly data and explain the global pattern of biomes and their productivity, finishing with a transect across Africa.

  • 4 lessons
  • About 115 min
  • Quiz: 10 questions
Free starter

Geography · Grade 9

Population, Migration and Settlement

Learners apply three classic models to real and illustrative data. They track a country through the demographic transition from birth- and death-rate series, test Ravenstein's 'laws' and Lee's model against migration evidence such as China's vast internal migration, and use central place theory — threshold, range and Christaller's hexagons — to explain settlement hierarchies. They finish by measuring settlement patterns with the nearest-neighbour index.

  • 4 lessons
  • About 115 min
  • Quiz: 10 questions
Free starter

Geography · Grade 9

Culture, Language and Place

Learners investigate how cultures and languages change across space: how lingua francas, pidgins and creoles arise; why languages become endangered and how communities such as Welsh and Māori speakers revitalise them; how pilgrimage creates flows of people to sacred places with many meanings; and how globalisation, local adaptation and place-naming reshape identity. Census data and real cases anchor every claim.

  • 4 lessons
  • About 110 min
  • Quiz: 10 questions

Geography · Grade 9

Resources, Trade and Connections

Learners analyse why resources are concentrated in particular places, distinguish reserves from production and calculate how long reserves might last. They work through comparative advantage with numbers, examine the risks of depending on one export, and map the maritime chokepoints — Hormuz, Malacca, Bab-el-Mandeb, Suez and Panama — through which much of world trade must squeeze, evaluating what happens when one is disrupted.

  • 4 lessons
  • About 115 min
  • Quiz: 10 questions

Geography · Grade 9

An Evidence-Based World Atlas

In this capstone, learners become atlas makers. They plan atlas pages for a purpose and audience, choose map types and projections, find and cite trustworthy data with full metadata, design honest maps with sensible classes and colour schemes, and write commentary that describes, explains and qualifies a pattern. Worked pages on access to electricity and on earthquakes model the process before learners plan their own page.

  • 4 lessons
  • About 120 min
  • Quiz: 10 questions

Geography · Grade 10

Spatial Thinking and Geographic Data

Learners build the toolkit of spatial thinking used throughout human geography: core concepts such as distance, density, distribution, connectivity and diffusion; data types and levels of measurement; sources from censuses to satellite and mobile-phone data; simple spatial statistics such as the weighted mean centre; and the ways scale and aggregation can change — or mislead — our conclusions.

  • 4 lessons
  • About 115 min
  • Quiz: 10 questions
Free starter

Geography · Grade 10

Population Models and Migration

Learners test the big models of population geography against evidence: the demographic and epidemiological transitions, the debate between Malthus and Boserup about population and food, the gravity model of interaction and Zelinsky's mobility transition. They then evaluate real population policies — from China's one-child policy to Bangladesh's voluntary family planning and Hungary's pronatalist incentives — weighing outcomes and ethics.

  • 4 lessons
  • About 115 min
  • Quiz: 10 questions
Free starter

Geography · Grade 10

Cultural Landscapes and Diffusion

How do ideas, practices and innovations spread, and how do they leave their mark on the land? Learners read cultural landscapes as layered records (Sauer's cultural landscape and Whittlesey's sequent occupance), classify types of diffusion and the barriers that slow them, examine how time–space compression changes folk and popular culture, and model diffusion with Hägerstrand's spatial approach and the S-shaped adoption curve.

  • 4 lessons
  • About 115 min
  • Quiz: 10 questions
Free starter

Geography · Grade 10

Political Geography and Boundaries

Building on Grade 8's foundations, learners analyse how boundaries originate (antecedent, subsequent, consequent, superimposed and relic), how a state's shape can help or hinder unity, how centripetal and centrifugal forces push states toward cohesion or devolution, and how supranational organisations share sovereignty. They finish with electoral geography, working through how district lines can change election outcomes and how different countries try to draw them fairly.

  • 4 lessons
  • About 115 min
  • Quiz: 10 questions
Free starter

Geography · Grade 10

Agriculture and Food Systems

Learners trace farming from its hearths in the Fertile Crescent, China, Mesoamerica and the Andes through three agricultural revolutions to today's global food system. They calculate land rent with von Thünen's model, analyse the Green Revolution's gains and costs, use the four dimensions of food security to explain hunger and food deserts, and evaluate strategies for a more sustainable food system.

  • 4 lessons
  • About 115 min
  • Quiz: 10 questions
Free starter

Geography · Grade 10

Industry, Trade and Development

How should we measure development, and why have some places industrialised faster than others? Learners calculate parts of the Human Development Index and compare it with income measures, test Rostow's stages and world-systems theory against evidence, examine how foreign investment and special economic zones transformed places such as Shenzhen and Bangladesh's garment industry, and evaluate development strategies from export-led growth to fair trade and microfinance.

  • 4 lessons
  • About 115 min
  • Quiz: 10 questions

Geography · Grade 10

Cities, Infrastructure and Urban Change

Learners compare the classic models of urban structure — concentric zones, sectors, multiple nuclei and the Latin American city — and test them against real cities. They analyse national city systems with the rank-size rule and primacy, examine how sprawl, gentrification and informal settlements change cities and who gains or loses, and evaluate infrastructure responses such as Medellín's cable cars and in-situ upgrading.

  • 4 lessons
  • About 115 min
  • Quiz: 10 questions

Geography · Grade 10

A Human Geography Inquiry

In this capstone, learners carry out a structured human-geography inquiry into how housing costs change across a (fictional) city. They write a hypothesis and null hypothesis, choose a sampling strategy and ethical methods, test the pattern with Spearman's rank correlation, combine the numbers with coded interview evidence, and link their conclusions to urban models — then design an inquiry of their own.

  • 4 lessons
  • About 120 min
  • Quiz: 10 questions