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Search every subject world, from Preschool to Grade 12. The first five courses of every subject path are free.

16 courses

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Geography · Grade 8

Geospatial Tools and Projection Critique

How does a phone know where it is? How can satellites spot a forest being cleared? Learners investigate the three great geospatial tools — satellite positioning (GNSS), remote sensing and GIS layers — and then turn a critical eye on the maps those tools produce: the Mercator–Peters debate, the Web Mercator maps on our screens, and how centring and orientation shape the way we see the world.

  • 4 lessons
  • About 105 min
  • Quiz: 10 questions
Free starter

Geography · Grade 8

Population Patterns and Demographic Evidence

Why is Niger's population among the youngest in the world while Japan's is among the oldest? Learners calculate birth, death and natural increase rates and doubling times, read population pyramids and dependency ratios, and use the demographic transition model — with its limits — to explain differences between countries. They finish by using demographic evidence to advise a government on schools, jobs and care for older people.

  • 4 lessons
  • About 105 min
  • Quiz: 10 questions
Free starter

Geography · Grade 8

Migration, Culture and Place

Learners use accurate terms — refugee, asylum seeker, internally displaced person, migrant — to describe who moves and why, and examine where displaced people actually live. They trace the money and networks migration creates, such as remittances and diasporas, and read how migrant communities reshape places, from London's Brick Lane to Chinatowns. They finish by comparing how different people experience and represent the same place.

  • 4 lessons
  • About 105 min
  • Quiz: 10 questions
Free starter

Geography · Grade 8

Political Geography and Boundaries

Who decides where one country ends and another begins? Learners distinguish states from nations, explore how boundaries follow mountains, rivers, straight survey lines and cultural divides, and calculate the zones countries control at sea under the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea. They then examine how disputes are described, mapped and managed — from the treaty that sets aside claims to Antarctica to the different maps sold in different countries.

  • 4 lessons
  • About 105 min
  • Quiz: 10 questions
Free starter

Geography · Grade 8

Agriculture, Industry and Economic Networks

Learners compare farming systems from Dutch greenhouses to Australian cattle stations, explain why industries locate where they do and why old industrial regions such as Germany's Ruhr changed, and follow the container ships, ports and just-in-time supply chains that link factories across continents. Case studies such as the 2011 floods in Thailand show how a disruption in one place can ripple through global networks.

  • 4 lessons
  • About 105 min
  • Quiz: 10 questions
Free starter

Geography · Grade 8

Urban Systems and Resource Decisions

Cities are systems that take in water, food and energy and send out goods, waste and emissions. Learners map the zones and functions of cities, measure a city's resource flows, and examine how real cities made hard choices — Cape Town's response to its 2018 water crisis, Curitiba's bus system and Copenhagen's cycling network. They finish by using a weighted decision matrix to recommend a resource decision for a growing city.

  • 4 lessons
  • About 105 min
  • Quiz: 10 questions

Geography · Grade 8

Climate Risk, Sustainability and Resilience

Learners examine the evidence that Earth's climate is changing — rising carbon dioxide, temperatures and seas and shrinking ice — and how the impacts differ from Arctic coasts to low-lying Pacific islands and great river deltas. They distinguish mitigation from adaptation, evaluate strategies such as the Netherlands' 'Room for the River', and use the three dimensions of sustainability to judge a city's climate plan.

  • 4 lessons
  • About 105 min
  • Quiz: 10 questions

Geography · Grade 8

Human Geography Research and Map Argument

In this capstone, learners act as human geography researchers. They frame a research question and hypothesis, plan ethical data collection, turn raw counts into fair rates and choose how to map them, then build a map-based argument with a claim, evidence, reasoning, a counterclaim and a rebuttal. Using a fictional city's park-access data and real global internet-use data, they critique and improve map arguments before writing one of their own.

  • 4 lessons
  • About 115 min
  • Quiz: 10 questions

Geography · Grade 9

World Regions and Geographic Questions

High-school geography begins with two tools: good questions and well-defined regions. Learners practise the geographer's question chain (Where? Why there? So what?) and the five themes, then delineate regions with explicit criteria and thresholds — from the world's five Mediterranean-climate zones to overlapping definitions of the Arab world and Sub-Saharan Africa. They compare world regions with UN population data and frame an inquiry of their own.

  • 4 lessons
  • About 110 min
  • Quiz: 10 questions
Free starter

Geography · Grade 9

Coordinates, Scale and Projections

A quantitative return to the geographer's basic tools. Learners link the number of decimal places in a coordinate to distance on the ground, calculate great-circle distances with the spherical law of cosines and compare them with constant-bearing routes, solve time-zone and date-line problems, and measure projection distortion with scale factors and Tissot's indicatrix before choosing projections for real tasks.

  • 4 lessons
  • About 115 min
  • Quiz: 10 questions
Free starter

Geography · Grade 9

Physical Systems and Landscapes

Learners read landscapes as records of process and time. They examine the evidence for plate tectonics — magnetic stripes, ocean-floor ages and the Hawaiian hotspot chain — and calculate plate speeds; link rock type to landscapes such as karst; explain river, glacial, coastal and desert landforms process by process; and use rates of change to reconstruct how a landscape formed.

  • 4 lessons
  • About 115 min
  • Quiz: 10 questions
Free starter

Geography · Grade 9

Climate, Biomes and Spatial Patterns

Why are the world's great deserts near 30° and its rainforests near the equator? Learners build the three-cell model of global circulation, follow the seasonal migration of the ITCZ that drives monsoons, and trace ocean currents, upwelling and El Niño. They classify climates with Köppen codes from monthly data and explain the global pattern of biomes and their productivity, finishing with a transect across Africa.

  • 4 lessons
  • About 115 min
  • Quiz: 10 questions
Free starter

Geography · Grade 9

Population, Migration and Settlement

Learners apply three classic models to real and illustrative data. They track a country through the demographic transition from birth- and death-rate series, test Ravenstein's 'laws' and Lee's model against migration evidence such as China's vast internal migration, and use central place theory — threshold, range and Christaller's hexagons — to explain settlement hierarchies. They finish by measuring settlement patterns with the nearest-neighbour index.

  • 4 lessons
  • About 115 min
  • Quiz: 10 questions
Free starter

Geography · Grade 9

Culture, Language and Place

Learners investigate how cultures and languages change across space: how lingua francas, pidgins and creoles arise; why languages become endangered and how communities such as Welsh and Māori speakers revitalise them; how pilgrimage creates flows of people to sacred places with many meanings; and how globalisation, local adaptation and place-naming reshape identity. Census data and real cases anchor every claim.

  • 4 lessons
  • About 110 min
  • Quiz: 10 questions

Geography · Grade 9

Resources, Trade and Connections

Learners analyse why resources are concentrated in particular places, distinguish reserves from production and calculate how long reserves might last. They work through comparative advantage with numbers, examine the risks of depending on one export, and map the maritime chokepoints — Hormuz, Malacca, Bab-el-Mandeb, Suez and Panama — through which much of world trade must squeeze, evaluating what happens when one is disrupted.

  • 4 lessons
  • About 115 min
  • Quiz: 10 questions

Geography · Grade 9

An Evidence-Based World Atlas

In this capstone, learners become atlas makers. They plan atlas pages for a purpose and audience, choose map types and projections, find and cite trustworthy data with full metadata, design honest maps with sensible classes and colour schemes, and write commentary that describes, explains and qualifies a pattern. Worked pages on access to electricity and on earthquakes model the process before learners plan their own page.

  • 4 lessons
  • About 120 min
  • Quiz: 10 questions