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Search every subject world, from Preschool to Grade 12. The first five courses of every subject path are free.

16 courses

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Geography · Grade 10

Spatial Thinking and Geographic Data

Learners build the toolkit of spatial thinking used throughout human geography: core concepts such as distance, density, distribution, connectivity and diffusion; data types and levels of measurement; sources from censuses to satellite and mobile-phone data; simple spatial statistics such as the weighted mean centre; and the ways scale and aggregation can change — or mislead — our conclusions.

  • 4 lessons
  • About 115 min
  • Quiz: 10 questions
Free starter

Geography · Grade 10

Population Models and Migration

Learners test the big models of population geography against evidence: the demographic and epidemiological transitions, the debate between Malthus and Boserup about population and food, the gravity model of interaction and Zelinsky's mobility transition. They then evaluate real population policies — from China's one-child policy to Bangladesh's voluntary family planning and Hungary's pronatalist incentives — weighing outcomes and ethics.

  • 4 lessons
  • About 115 min
  • Quiz: 10 questions
Free starter

Geography · Grade 10

Cultural Landscapes and Diffusion

How do ideas, practices and innovations spread, and how do they leave their mark on the land? Learners read cultural landscapes as layered records (Sauer's cultural landscape and Whittlesey's sequent occupance), classify types of diffusion and the barriers that slow them, examine how time–space compression changes folk and popular culture, and model diffusion with Hägerstrand's spatial approach and the S-shaped adoption curve.

  • 4 lessons
  • About 115 min
  • Quiz: 10 questions
Free starter

Geography · Grade 10

Political Geography and Boundaries

Building on Grade 8's foundations, learners analyse how boundaries originate (antecedent, subsequent, consequent, superimposed and relic), how a state's shape can help or hinder unity, how centripetal and centrifugal forces push states toward cohesion or devolution, and how supranational organisations share sovereignty. They finish with electoral geography, working through how district lines can change election outcomes and how different countries try to draw them fairly.

  • 4 lessons
  • About 115 min
  • Quiz: 10 questions
Free starter

Geography · Grade 10

Agriculture and Food Systems

Learners trace farming from its hearths in the Fertile Crescent, China, Mesoamerica and the Andes through three agricultural revolutions to today's global food system. They calculate land rent with von Thünen's model, analyse the Green Revolution's gains and costs, use the four dimensions of food security to explain hunger and food deserts, and evaluate strategies for a more sustainable food system.

  • 4 lessons
  • About 115 min
  • Quiz: 10 questions
Free starter

Geography · Grade 10

Industry, Trade and Development

How should we measure development, and why have some places industrialised faster than others? Learners calculate parts of the Human Development Index and compare it with income measures, test Rostow's stages and world-systems theory against evidence, examine how foreign investment and special economic zones transformed places such as Shenzhen and Bangladesh's garment industry, and evaluate development strategies from export-led growth to fair trade and microfinance.

  • 4 lessons
  • About 115 min
  • Quiz: 10 questions

Geography · Grade 10

Cities, Infrastructure and Urban Change

Learners compare the classic models of urban structure — concentric zones, sectors, multiple nuclei and the Latin American city — and test them against real cities. They analyse national city systems with the rank-size rule and primacy, examine how sprawl, gentrification and informal settlements change cities and who gains or loses, and evaluate infrastructure responses such as Medellín's cable cars and in-situ upgrading.

  • 4 lessons
  • About 115 min
  • Quiz: 10 questions

Geography · Grade 10

A Human Geography Inquiry

In this capstone, learners carry out a structured human-geography inquiry into how housing costs change across a (fictional) city. They write a hypothesis and null hypothesis, choose a sampling strategy and ethical methods, test the pattern with Spearman's rank correlation, combine the numbers with coded interview evidence, and link their conclusions to urban models — then design an inquiry of their own.

  • 4 lessons
  • About 120 min
  • Quiz: 10 questions

Geography · Grade 11

Geospatial Questions and Data Sources

Learners begin geospatial analysis the way professionals do: by framing questions a GIS can answer and choosing data fit for that purpose. They classify spatial questions, compare sources from censuses and satellite constellations to OpenStreetMap, read metadata including coordinate reference systems, and quantify positional accuracy with root-mean-square error before judging whether a dataset is good enough for a task.

  • 4 lessons
  • About 115 min
  • Quiz: 10 questions
Free starter

Geography · Grade 11

Map Projections and Measurement Error

Measurements taken from maps are only as good as the projection, coordinate system and data behind them. Learners classify projections by developable surface and tangency, correct map measurements with scale factors (including UTM's 0.9996), work out UTM zones and recognise datum shifts, then distinguish precision from accuracy, identify sources of GNSS error and propagate measurement error into derived lengths and areas.

  • 4 lessons
  • About 120 min
  • Quiz: 10 questions
Free starter

Geography · Grade 11

Raster and Vector Models

Every GIS stores the world in one of two ways: as vector features (points, lines and polygons with attributes) or as raster grids of cells. Learners choose a data model for a phenomenon and scale, reason about raster resolution and mixed pixels, calculate slope and reclassify a digital elevation model, and chain vector operations such as buffer and overlay into a site-suitability workflow.

  • 4 lessons
  • About 120 min
  • Quiz: 11 questions
Free starter

Geography · Grade 11

Land Use and Environmental Change

Satellites have recorded Earth's land surface continuously since 1972. Learners separate land cover from land use and distinguish proximate from underlying drivers of change, calculate and interpret the vegetation index NDVI, measure change with a before-and-after change matrix and an accuracy check, and explain the urban heat island and the land-use choices that can reduce it.

  • 4 lessons
  • About 125 min
  • Quiz: 11 questions
Free starter

Geography · Grade 11

Infrastructure, Accessibility and Networks

Roads, railways, pipes and power lines are networks, and network geography decides who can reach jobs, schools and clinics. Learners model infrastructure as graphs and measure connectivity, find least-time routes on a weighted network, measure accessibility with travel times, isochrones and service areas, and evaluate infrastructure options for equity and resilience.

  • 4 lessons
  • About 120 min
  • Quiz: 10 questions
Free starter

Geography · Grade 11

Hazards, Vulnerability and Resilience

A natural hazard becomes a disaster only when it meets exposed, vulnerable people. Learners break risk into hazard, exposure, vulnerability and capacity, read hazard maps and calculate the probability of a '100-year' event over a lifetime, compare the 2010 earthquakes in Haiti and Chile using evidence beyond magnitude, and evaluate risk-reduction strategies against the priorities of the Sendai Framework.

  • 4 lessons
  • About 125 min
  • Quiz: 10 questions

Geography · Grade 11

Geographic Claims and Data Ethics

Maps and location data are persuasive, and they can expose people. Learners test geographic claims by checking denominators and the ecological fallacy, explain why location data is hard to anonymise and apply protections such as aggregation, suppression and geomasking, use consent and Indigenous data sovereignty principles (CARE alongside FAIR), and spot map choices that make weak claims look strong.

  • 4 lessons
  • About 125 min
  • Quiz: 11 questions

Geography · Grade 11

A Geospatial Research Project

In this capstone, learners run a complete geospatial project on summer heat in the fictional city of Marlow Vale. They design the project and harmonise a data inventory, combine rasters and vectors with zonal statistics and correlation while watching for spatial autocorrelation, measure walking access to cooling centres for older residents, and test, document and communicate their findings with sensitivity analysis, limitations and an ethics check.

  • 4 lessons
  • About 135 min
  • Quiz: 11 questions