City North America
Panama City
Panama City is the capital of Panama. It has lots of tall towers by the sea, and an old town with red roofs.
Panama City is the capital of Panama, with 1,132,969 people in its urban area at the 2023 census. Founded in 1519, it grew rich on a trade route across the isthmus, and today, near the Pacific end of the Panama Canal, it is a center of banking with a skyline of tall towers.
Panama City (urban area 1,132,969, census 8 January 2023), capital of Panama, was founded in 1519 on the Spanish route for Peru's gold and silver, rebuilt to the west after 1671, and revived by the first railway across the isthmus (1855) and the canal (1914). Since the Canal Zone was fully handed back in December 1999 it has reshaped itself, and its old quarter, Casco Viejo, has been a World Heritage site since 1997.
Photo: Dr. Thomas Liptak, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons
Discover Panama City
Panama City is the capital of Panama. More than one million people live there.
It lies by the sea, close to a famous canal for ships.
Panama City is the capital of Panama and its biggest city. At the 2023 census, 1,132,969 people lived in its urban area, which also takes in places such as San Miguelito and Tocumen.
It lies on the Pacific coast of the Isthmus of Panama, beside the Pacific entrance of the Panama Canal. Universalis calls it the country's most important metropolis and an international center for finance and banking.
National Institute of Statistics and Census (INEC, via City Population): the urban area of Ciudad de Panamá (including Ancón, Las Cumbres, Las Mañanitas, San Miguelito and Tocumen) had 912,489 people in 2000, 1,057,244 in 2010 and 1,132,969 at the census of 8 January 2023, first among Panama's urban places; Panamá Province had 1,439,575.
Universalis (Lucile Médina-Nicolas): capital of Panama and the country's most important metropolis, with more than a million people; it has also become an international financial and banking center.
- Country
- Panama (capital)
- People in the Panama City urban area (census, 8 January 2023)
- 1,132,969
- Rank in Panama
- largest urban place
- Founded
- 1519
Towers across the bay
Look at all the tall towers! Birds fly in a long line across the sky.
At the front is the green sea, and on the left are houses with red roofs.
This photo shows Panama City from across the bay on 19 March 2025. Dozens of glass and concrete skyscrapers rise behind a road that runs on pillars over the water. On the left, low houses with red roofs stand by the water, toward the old quarter, Casco Viejo. One tower in the middle twists as it rises, green hills stand in the distance, and a long line of birds crosses the cloudy sky.
Casco Viejo, the historic center, was added to UNESCO's World Heritage List in 1997, Universalis says.
Commons: 'Panama City Skyline', 19 March 2025, own work by Dr. Thomas Liptak (uploader of the same name), CC BY-SA 4.0; camera location 8.91141 N, 79.52003 W, about 4.86 km SSE of Wikidata's point for Casco Viejo, looking north-northwest across the bay.
Universalis: the historic center (Casco Viejo), left off-center by the city's growth to the east, has gained from the handover of the Canal Zone and from its inscription on UNESCO's World Heritage List in 1997.
- Photo
- the skyline across the bay, 19 March 2025
- Casco Viejo
- the historic center; World Heritage since 1997
- Camera
- about 4.9 km south-southeast of Casco Viejo (Commons and Wikidata points)
A crossroads between two oceans
Long ago, ships carried gold and silver through Panama City. Later, a railway and then a big canal were built.
Now ships sail right across Panama!
Panama City was founded in 1519 and grew rich quickly, Universalis says, because it lay on the Spanish trade route for gold and silver from Peru. In 1671 it was burned by pirates, and a new city was built further west.
It came back to life with the first railway across the isthmus, in 1855, and then the Panama Canal, in 1914. The land beside the canal, the Canal Zone, was run by the United States and blocked the city's growth to the west; it was fully handed back to Panama in December 1999.
Universalis: founded in 1519, the city prospered quickly thanks to its strategic position in the Spanish empire on the trade route for gold and silver mined in Peru. After it was sacked and burned in 1671, it was rebuilt further west; the new city regained its energy only with the continent's first interoceanic railway (1855) and then the canal (1914), which revived its transit role.
Because the Canal Zone, under United States sovereignty, lay right beside it, growth to the west was blocked and went north along the trans-isthmian road and east along the coast. The full handover of the Zone in December 1999 let the capital take over its housing, the canal, the port of Balboa, an airport, warehouses and forests; ministries and a university moved into the Ancón district.
- Founded
- 1519
- First railway across the isthmus
- 1855
- Panama Canal
- 1914
- Canal Zone fully handed back
- December 1999
Ships, a bridge and a busy airport
Ships sail through the canal next to the city. A long bridge crosses it, and planes fly from an airport.
The Bridge of the Americas, opened on 12 October 1962, carries a road over the Pacific entrance of the Panama Canal, about 3.5 kilometers west-southwest of Casco Viejo, Wikidata says.
Along the shore, the Cinta Costera, land reclaimed from the sea, dates from 2009, Wikidata says. Tocumen International Airport, opened on 1 June 1947, lies about 21 kilometers northeast of the old quarter, beyond the towers that line the coast to the east.
Universalis: the city grew east along the coast, past the banking district of Bella Vista and the residential towers of Punta Paitilla, to large housing estates beyond Tocumen International Airport; the first interoceanic railway (1855) and the canal (1914) gave it its transit role.
Wikidata (from Casco Viejo, Q2945651): Cinta Costera (land reclamation, 2009-06-20) 0.88 km ESE; Biomuseo 2.53 km SSW; Bridge of the Americas (opened 1962-10-12; 1,654 m long) 3.46 km WSW; Panamá Viejo 8.15 km NE; Tocumen International Airport (opened 1947-06-01) 21.24 km NE.
- Bridge of the Americas
- opened 12 October 1962, over the canal's Pacific entrance (Wikidata)
- Tocumen International Airport
- opened 1 June 1947, about 21 km northeast of Casco Viejo (Wikidata)
- Cinta Costera
- land reclaimed along the shore, Wikidata inception 2009
A long wet season and a short dry one
Panama City is hot all year. From May to November it rains a lot, and from January to March it is much drier.
The World Meteorological Organization's table for Panama City (1971–2000) gives average highs of about 33 to 35 °C in every month, the hottest in April. Average lows are about 18 to 21 °C.
Adding up the monthly averages gives about 1,907 millimeters of rain a year. From May to November every month averages more than 160 millimeters, with October the wettest at about 331. February is the driest, with only about 10.
WMO World Weather Information Service, Panama City (Panama; table data years 1971–2000, rain day = at least 0.1 mm): average highs from 32.6 °C in October to 35.4 °C in April; average lows from 18.4 °C in February and March to 21.3 °C in June. Rainfall sums to 1,907.2 mm; October (330.7 mm), September (253.9 mm) and November (252.3 mm) are the wettest months, February (10.1 mm) the driest; rain days sum to 131.0, from 1.3 in February to 20 in October.
- April, average high (WMO table, Panama City)
- 35.4 °C
- October, rainfall (same table)
- 330.7 mm
- Rainfall in a year (sum of the monthly averages)
- about 1,907 mm
Banks, towers and a museum of life
Many people in Panama City work in banks and offices in the tall towers. The city also has a museum about nature.
Panama City has become an international center for banking and finance, Universalis says. Along the coast to the east stand the banks of Bella Vista and the tall apartment towers of Punta Paitilla.
The Biomuseo, a museum, opened on 2 October 2014, Wikidata says. About 8 kilometers northeast of Casco Viejo lies Panamá Viejo, an archaeological site.
Universalis: the city has become an international financial and banking center; the coast to the east holds the bank district of Bella Vista and the upscale residential towers of Punta Paitilla; the State leads the building of public facilities and the privatization of land in the former Canal Zone.
Wikidata: Biomuseo (museum, opened 2014-10-02) 2.53 km SSW of Casco Viejo; Panamá Viejo (archaeological site) 8.15 km NE.
- Bella Vista
- the banking district
- Biomuseo
- museum, opened 2 October 2014 (Wikidata)
- Panamá Viejo
- archaeological site, about 8 km northeast of Casco Viejo (Wikidata)
Panama City on the map
Find Panama on the globe. Panama City is on its Pacific coast, by the sea.
Panama City lies at about 9° north, on the Pacific side of the Isthmus of Panama. Measured from Casco Viejo, the Bridge of the Americas over the canal is about 3.5 kilometers west-southwest.
Panamá Viejo, an archaeological site, is about 8 kilometers northeast, and Tocumen airport about 21 kilometers northeast.
Panama City lies at about 8.97° N and 79.54° W (Natural Earth point). From Casco Viejo (Wikidata points): Cinta Costera 0.88 km ESE, Biomuseo 2.53 km SSW, Bridge of the Americas 3.46 km WSW, a twisting tower seen in the photo's center 3.84 km NNE (F&F Tower point), Panamá Viejo 8.15 km NE, Tocumen International Airport 21.24 km NE; the photo's camera 4.86 km SSE.
Universalis: growth went north along the trans-isthmian road and east along the coast.
- Latitude
- about 9.0° north
- Longitude
- about 79.5° west
- Setting
- on the Pacific coast, beside the canal's Pacific entrance
Amazing facts
-
Panama City was founded more than 500 years ago, in 1519!
Panama City was founded in 1519 and grew rich quickly on the route that carried gold and silver from Peru, Universalis says.
Universalis: founded in 1519, the city prospered quickly from its strategic position in the Spanish empire, on the trade route for gold and silver from Peru.
-
A railway crossed Panama long before the canal did!
The first railway across the isthmus opened in 1855, nearly 60 years before the Panama Canal opened in 1914, Universalis says.
Universalis: the continent's first interoceanic railway (1855), then the canal (1914), revived the city's transit role.
-
In Panama City, October is very rainy, but February is very dry!
In the WMO's averages, October brings about 331 millimeters of rain, but February only about 10.
WMO, Panama City (1971–2000): October 330.7 mm on 20 rain days; February 10.1 mm on 1.3.
-
Part of Panama City's seaside was made by people, on new land!
The Cinta Costera, along Panama City's shore, is land reclaimed from the sea; Wikidata dates it to 2009.
Wikidata: Cinta Costera, a land reclamation project in Panama City, inception 2009-06-20, about 0.9 km ESE of Casco Viejo.
Words to know
- isthmus
- a narrow strip of land joining two larger areas of land
- canal
- a waterway dug by people for ships or boats
- skyline
- the shape of a city's buildings against the sky
- reclaimed land
- land made by filling in part of the sea or a lake
- World Heritage site
- a place UNESCO lists as important for all people in the world
- wet season
- the months of the year when most of the rain falls
Discovery challenge
-
Panama City is the capital of which country?
Panama City is the capital of which country?
Panama City, near the Pacific end of the canal, is the capital of which country?
- Panama
- Peru
- Portugal
Show the answer
Panama
Panama!
Panama.
Panama.
-
In which year was Panama City founded?
Universalis says Panama City was founded in which year?
Panama City, on the Spanish route for Peru's gold and silver, was founded in which year?
- 1519
- 1819
- 1919
Show the answer
1519
1519!
1519.
1519.
-
What did ships carry through Panama City long ago?
Panama City grew rich on a trade route for what, from Peru?
Universalis says the city prospered on the Spanish trade route for which goods from Peru?
- Gold and silver
- Ice and snow
- Computers
Show the answer
Gold and silver
Gold and silver!
Gold and silver.
Gold and silver mined in Peru.
-
When did the Panama Canal open?
In which year did the Panama Canal open?
After the 1855 railway, the canal revived the city's transit role from which year?
- 1914
- 1714
- 1514
Show the answer
1914
1914!
1914.
1914.
-
Which month is the wettest in Panama City?
In the WMO's averages, which month is Panama City's wettest?
WMO (1971–2000): which month has Panama City's highest rainfall, 330.7 mm?
- October
- February
- March
Show the answer
October
October!
October, with about 331 millimeters.
October (330.7 mm).
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For parents & teachers
What children will learn
- Locate Panama City on the Pacific coast of the Isthmus of Panama.
- Explain why a narrow strip of land between two oceans became a trade route.
- Describe how a railway and a canal changed a city.
- Read a climate table and find the wet and dry seasons.
Recommended ages: 3 to 17 · About 15 minutes
Talk about it
- Why would people want to carry goods across Panama instead of sailing all the way around South America?
- The Canal Zone blocked the city's growth to the west. How might a city grow when one side is blocked?
- Panama City has a long wet season and a short dry season. How might that change daily life?
Try at home or in class
- Canal model: dig a channel between two trays of water in a sand box and float a toy boat through.
- Skyline drawing: draw the towers from the photo, including the one that twists.
- Rain chart: plot Panama City's monthly rainfall and color the wet season.
Key vocabulary: isthmus, canal, skyline, reclaimed land, World Heritage site, wet season
Where these facts come from
- Wikidata , Wikimedia Foundation (CC0 1.0)
- Natural Earth vector data , Natural Earth (NACIS) (Public domain)
- Panama: Provinces, Major Urban Places & Urban Places , City Population (Thomas Brinkhoff), from the Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censo, Panamá
- Panamá, ville , Encyclopaedia Universalis (Lucile Médina-Nicolas)
- Panama City: climatological information , World Meteorological Organization, World Weather Information Service (Panama)
- File:Panama City Skyline 1.jpg (Dr. Thomas Liptak, 19 March 2025) , Wikimedia Commons
- Wikimedia Commons , Wikimedia Foundation (Per file (public domain, CC0, CC BY or CC BY-SA); see each media record)
Checked, not yet human-reviewed. Last updated November 1, 2026. Spotted a mistake? Tell us.