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St Patrick's Cathedral in Melbourne, Australia, seen from the east on a sunny day: a tall pale central spire and many small pointed pinnacles above dark walls, a pool of still water and a low gray building in front, green street trees at the right and city towers behind under a clear blue sky

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St Patrick's Cathedral, Melbourne

St Patrick's Cathedral is a very large church with tall pointed spires in Melbourne, Australia. Its walls are made of dark bluestone.

St Patrick's Cathedral stands on Eastern Hill in East Melbourne. It was designed by the architect William Wardell: building began in 1858, the main church was finished in 1897, and the spires were added in 1936-40. The Victorian Heritage Register calls it the largest Gothic Revival building in Victoria.

St Patrick's Cathedral, a Catholic cathedral on Eastern Hill in East Melbourne, is the third church begun on its site. William Wardell's design replaced a partly built sandstone church and part of a bluestone one; construction began in 1858, the nave and aisles opened in 1869, the rest of the church was completed in 1897 and the spires were added in 1936-40. The Victorian Heritage Register calls it the largest Gothic Revival building in Victoria.

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Photo: Donaldytong, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons

Discover St Patrick's Cathedral

St Patrick's Cathedral is a very large church in Melbourne, Australia.

It has tall pointed spires and dark stone walls.

St Patrick's Cathedral stands on Eastern Hill in East Melbourne, Australia. The architect William Wardell designed it in the Gothic Revival style. The heritage register links his work to the architect Augustus Pugin and his writings on medieval architecture.

Building began in 1858, and Melbourne Catholic says it went on for more than 40 years. The Victorian Heritage Register calls it the largest Gothic Revival building in the state of Victoria.

The Victorian Heritage Register lists the St Patricks Cathedral Precinct in East Melbourne (VHR H0008, registered in 1974). It calls the cathedral the largest Gothic Revival building in Victoria and one of the finest works of the architect William Wardell, praising its 'impressive scale and masterly handling of space'.

The register's history: construction began in 1858, the nave and aisles opened in 1869, the rest of the church was completed in 1897, and the spires were added and the west door rebuilt in 1936-40. Melbourne Catholic says the work went on for more than 40 years.

Where
East Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
Architect
William Wardell
Built
Begun 1858; church completed 1897; spires added 1936-40
Style
Gothic Revival
St Patrick's Cathedral in Melbourne, Australia, seen from the east on a sunny day: a tall pale central spire and many small pointed pinnacles above dark walls, a pool of still water and a low gray building in front, green street trees at the right and city towers behind under a clear blue sky
Photo: Donaldytong, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons

Three churches on one hill

Two other churches were started on this hill first.

Then a bigger one was built: the cathedral you see today.

The first church on this site was designed by Samuel Jackson, and its foundation stone dates from 9 April 1850. Then the gold rush began in 1851, and workers and building materials became hard to find. The sandstone church was never finished, and it was pulled down.

A second church, made of bluestone, opened its first section in 1858. Part of it was then pulled down to make room for William Wardell's much larger design.

According to the Victorian Heritage Register, the site was part of a five-acre government grant to the Catholic Church made over 1848-53. A foundation stone for Samuel Jackson's church dates from 9 April 1850; Melbourne Catholic writes that the 1851 gold rush made workers and building materials hard to find, and that a downturn in 1854 put Jackson out of business. His partly built sandstone church was demolished.

The architects George and Schneider then designed a bluestone church whose first section opened on 14 February 1858. It was partly demolished for Wardell's cathedral; Melbourne Catholic says the southern aisle that had already opened was kept in the new building.

Through the years

Bluestone and paler stone

The walls are made of bluestone, a dark stone.

Paler stone was used around the windows and on the little pointed tops.

Melbourne Catholic says the builders used bluestone for the solid walls and a lighter stone called freestone for the windows, moldings and pinnacles. That is why the cathedral has two colors of stone.

The heritage register adds that the tall spire is higher than Wardell first planned, and that most of the stained glass windows were made by Hardman of Birmingham, in England.

Melbourne Catholic describes the 'chromatic contrast' of the building: bluestone, then widely used in Melbourne, for the solid walls, and lighter freestone for windows, moldings and pinnacles. The Victorian Heritage Register notes the strong influence of the architect Augustus Pugin and his writings on medieval architecture, and singles out the rounded (apsidal) chapels, the ambulatory and the sanctuary, based on French models.

The register adds that the spire is higher than Wardell originally intended, and that most of the stained glass is by Hardman of Birmingham, with two windows by Mayer of Munich and one by Montgomery.

Spires and pointed tops

Look at the tall spire in the middle. It points up into the blue sky!

Two more spires stand on the left.

In this photo, a tall pale spire rises from a tower in the middle of the cathedral. Two more spires stand to the left, and many small pointed tops and pointed roofs crowd around the lower walls.

The walls below are dark, with paler stone around tall windows that have pointed arches.

The photo shows the cathedral from its east side, as the file's title says. A tall pale spire rises from the central tower, two more spires stand to the left, and clusters of slender pointed pinnacles and steep pointed roofs ring the lower walls, which are dark with paler trim around tall pointed-arch windows.

That mix of dark walls and pale details is the contrast Melbourne Catholic describes between bluestone and freestone.

Walls
Bluestone, with lighter freestone for windows, moldings and pinnacles
Spires added
1936-40
Stained glass
Mostly by Hardman of Birmingham
Heritage
Victorian Heritage Register H0008
St Patrick's Cathedral in Melbourne, Australia, seen from the east on a sunny day: a tall pale central spire and many small pointed pinnacles above dark walls, a pool of still water and a low gray building in front, green street trees at the right and city towers behind under a clear blue sky
Photo: Donaldytong, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons

Seen from the east

This photo shows the cathedral on a sunny day.

In front there is a pool of water, and tall city towers stand behind.

This photo looks at the cathedral from the east on a clear, sunny day. In front lies a pool of still water that mirrors the building, with a low gray building at the left and green street trees at the right.

Behind the cathedral rise the tall towers of central Melbourne.

The photo (by the Commons user Donaldytong) looks toward the cathedral from the east under a clear blue sky: a pool of still water in front reflects the building, a low gray building runs along the left, and street trees line a road at the right, with the towers of central Melbourne behind.

The heritage register notes that the offices which replaced St Patrick's College (demolished in 1971) were designed low and mostly underground, with water ponds on the roofs facing Victoria Parade, a design that lets the cathedral dominate the area around it.

St Patrick's Cathedral in Melbourne, Australia, seen from the east on a sunny day: a tall pale central spire and many small pointed pinnacles above dark walls, a pool of still water and a low gray building in front, green street trees at the right and city towers behind under a clear blue sky
Photo: Donaldytong, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons

Amazing facts

  • The tall spire is higher than its architect first planned!

    The spire, added in 1936-40, is higher than William Wardell originally intended.

    The Victorian Heritage Register notes that the spire, added with the others in 1936-40, is higher than Wardell originally intended.

  • Two other churches were started on this hill before the cathedral!

    The cathedral replaced two earlier churches on the same site: a sandstone one and a bluestone one.

    Wardell's cathedral replaced Samuel Jackson's partly built sandstone church and part of George and Schneider's bluestone church, both demolished to make way for a larger building.

  • Some of its colored windows were made by companies in England and Germany!

    Most of the stained glass was made by Hardman of Birmingham, and two windows by Mayer of Munich.

    The register credits most of the stained glass to Hardman of Birmingham, with two windows by Mayer of Munich and one by Montgomery.

Words to know

cathedral
a large, important church that is the main church of an area
spire
a tall, pointed structure on top of a tower
pinnacle
a small pointed decoration on top of a wall or roof
Gothic Revival
a building style that looks back to the buildings of the Middle Ages
bluestone
a dark gray-blue building stone used in Melbourne

Discovery challenge

  1. In which city is this cathedral?

    In which Australian city does St Patrick's Cathedral stand?

    St Patrick's Cathedral stands on Eastern Hill in which city?

    • Melbourne
    • Sydney
    • Perth
    Show the answer

    Melbourne

    Melbourne!

    Melbourne, on Eastern Hill.

    Melbourne (East Melbourne).

  2. Which architect designed this cathedral?

    Which architect designed St Patrick's Cathedral?

    Which architect designed the cathedral begun in 1858?

    • William Wardell
    • Gustave Eiffel
    • Antoni Gaudí
    Show the answer

    William Wardell

    William Wardell!

    William Wardell.

    William Wardell.

  3. What are the dark walls made of?

    What was used for the cathedral's solid walls?

    Which material, widely used in Melbourne at the time, forms the solid walls?

    • Bluestone
    • Red brick
    • Glass
    Show the answer

    Bluestone

    Bluestone!

    Bluestone, with lighter freestone for the windows and pinnacles.

    Bluestone.

  4. When were the tall spires added?

    In which years were the cathedral's spires added?

    When were the spires added and the west door rebuilt?

    • 1936-40
    • 1850
    • 2000
    Show the answer

    1936-40

    In 1936-40, long after the walls!

    In 1936-40.

    1936-40.

Nearby places

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For parents & teachers

What children will learn

  • Describe where St Patrick's Cathedral stands and who designed it.
  • Name parts of a Gothic Revival building: spire, tower, pinnacle, pointed-arch window.
  • Explain why big buildings can take many years and several tries to build.

Recommended ages: 4 to 17 · About 15 minutes

Talk about it

  • The gold rush made workers hard to find. How could that slow down a building?
  • Why might builders use two colors of stone on one building?
  • The spire was added about 80 years after building began. Why might the last part of a building come so late?

Try at home or in class

  • Draw a tall spire on a tower, then add small pointed pinnacles and pointed-arch windows.
  • Build a tower from blocks or boxes and top it with a paper cone spire.

Key vocabulary: cathedral, spire, pinnacle, Gothic Revival, bluestone

Where these facts come from

  1. Wikidata , Wikimedia Foundation (CC0 1.0)
  2. St Patricks Cathedral Precinct, Victorian Heritage Database report , Heritage Council of Victoria
  3. The three lives of St Patrick's Cathedral , Melbourne Catholic
  4. File:St Patrick's Cathedral-Gothic Revival Style (East Side).jpg , Wikimedia Commons
  5. Wikimedia Commons , Wikimedia Foundation (Per file (public domain, CC0, CC BY or CC BY-SA); see each media record)

Checked, not yet human-reviewed. Last updated November 1, 2026. Spotted a mistake? Tell us.

Picture credits
  • Photo: Donaldytong, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons · source · license