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Aerial view of the Adelaide city centre looking south-east

City Australia and Oceania

Adelaide

Adelaide is a city in South Australia. Its center is wrapped all around by green parks.

Adelaide is the capital of South Australia. About 1.49 million people lived in Greater Adelaide in mid-2025. Founded in 1837, it was laid out on a plan by Colonel William Light, with a grid of streets ringed by green Park Lands, on the land of the Kaurna people.

Adelaide, capital of South Australia (Greater Adelaide 1,491,015 people, June 2025), was founded in 1837 by settlers from Britain. Colonel William Light's plan, with a city grid enclosed by park lands, has been on Australia's National Heritage List since 2008; the Park Lands cover 932 hectares.

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Photo: Douglas Barber, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons

Discover Adelaide

Adelaide is a big city in Australia. Green parks go all the way around its middle.

The Kaurna People are the Traditional Custodians of this land.

Adelaide is the capital of the state of South Australia. The Australian Bureau of Statistics estimated that 1,491,015 people lived in Greater Adelaide on 30 June 2025, about 18,600 more than a year before.

The city lies at the foot of the Mount Lofty Ranges, on Gulf St Vincent. The City of Adelaide recognizes the Kaurna People of the Adelaide Plains as the Traditional Custodians of the land.

Australian Bureau of Statistics, Regional population 2024–25: Greater Adelaide's estimated resident population was 1,491,015 at 30 June 2025, up 18,647 (1.3%) in a year; net overseas migration (17,800) and natural increase (3,200) were positive, net internal migration negative (−2,400). Greater Adelaide's center of population lay near the banks of the River Torrens, north of Botanic Park.

Universalis (Alain Huetz de Lemps): Adelaide, capital of South Australia, lies at the foot of the Mount Lofty Ranges on Gulf St Vincent.

Country and state
Australia; capital of South Australia
People in Greater Adelaide (estimate, 30 June 2025)
1,491,015
Growth in one year (2024–25)
18,647 people (1.3%)
Traditional Custodians
the Kaurna People of the Adelaide Plains
Aerial view of the Adelaide city centre looking south-east
Photo: Douglas Barber, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons

The city from the air

Look down from the sky! A river curves past the city. Train tracks run beside it.

Green parks wrap around the tall buildings, and houses spread out to the hills.

This photo was taken from the air on 3 August 2005, looking southeast over Adelaide's city center. In the front, a river curves past railway tracks. Behind them, office towers stand in a neat grid of streets, with strips of green park land around the edges. Beyond, rows of houses stretch away to the hills.

The Adelaide Park Lands cover 932 hectares, with 29 parks and 6 city squares, the City of Adelaide says.

Commons: 'Aerial view of the Adelaide city centre looking south-east', dated 3 August 2005, 11.22 am, photograph by Doug Barber, originally posted to Flickr, CC BY-SA 3.0 (license confirmed by a Commons reviewer on 28 September 2009).

City of Adelaide: the Park Lands embrace the city in a leafy figure of eight and cover 932 hectares, with 29 parks and 6 city squares; the council manages about 80% of them and the South Australian Government the rest, including the Botanic Garden and Botanic Park. On 7 November 2008 the Adelaide Park Lands and City Layout were added to the National Heritage List.

Photo
aerial view of the city center looking southeast, 3 August 2005
Adelaide Park Lands
932 hectares; 29 parks and 6 city squares
National Heritage List
Adelaide Park Lands and City Layout, 7 November 2008
Aerial view of the Adelaide city centre looking south-east
Photo: Douglas Barber, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons

A city planned in a park

Long ago, in 1837, settlers from Britain started Adelaide. A man named William Light drew the plan.

He put parks all around the city.

Adelaide was founded in 1837 by settlers who came from Britain, Universalis says. Colonel William Light designed and laid out the city's plan: a grid of wide streets with park lands all around it. The plan still shapes the city today.

The Australian Heritage Council's statement says Adelaide marked a turning point in the settlement of Australia, because it was settled by free settlers rather than convicts. Its Park Lands are likely the first planned public park system in the world.

Universalis: founded in 1837 by colonists from the United Kingdom (the South Australian Association of E. G. Wakefield), on a geometric plan: the center surrounded by parks and separated from North Adelaide by the gardens along the River Torrens.

The Australian Heritage Council's Statement of Significance (as summarized by the City of Adelaide): the Park Lands and City Layout are the physical expression of Colonel William Light's plan, which remains substantially intact; a turning point because Adelaide was settled by free settlers rather than convicts; probably the first planned public park system in the world and a model for the Garden City movement; the most complete example of nineteenth-century colonial planning; the only Australian city completely enclosed by park lands.

Founded
1837, by settlers from Britain
City plan
designed and laid out by Colonel William Light
Settled by
free settlers rather than convicts
Aerial view of the Adelaide city centre looking south-east
Photo: Douglas Barber, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons

Through the years

Trains, a port and an airport

Trains leave from a station in the middle of Adelaide. Big ships come to Port Adelaide, by the sea.

Adelaide railway station, near the River Torrens, opened on 19 April 1856, Wikidata says. Ships use Port Adelaide, to the northwest. Universalis describes an old port on a river estuary and an outer harbor that opens straight onto Gulf St Vincent and can take large ships. Adelaide Airport lies about 6.6 kilometers west-southwest of the city center.

Universalis: Port Adelaide consists of an old estuary port and an outer harbor opening directly onto Gulf St Vincent, accessible to large ships; industry is concentrated to the northwest, between the city and the port.

Wikidata (distances from Wikidata's point for Adelaide, 34.93° S, 138.60° E): Adelaide railway station (opened 1856-04-19) 0.82 km NNW; Adelaide Airport (opened 1955) 6.62 km WSW; Port Adelaide 12.67 km NW. The WMO's Adelaide climate table comes from the airport's weather station.

Adelaide railway station
opened 19 April 1856 (Wikidata)
Port Adelaide
an old estuary port and an outer harbor on the gulf
Adelaide Airport
about 6.6 km west-southwest of the city center point

Warm dry summers, mild wet winters

Adelaide has warm, dry summers and cool, rainy winters.

The warmest months are January and February. The coolest is July.

Universalis describes Adelaide's climate as bright and Mediterranean: mild and fairly rainy in winter, hot and dry in summer. The World Meteorological Organization's averages for Adelaide Airport (1981–2010) give February an average high of about 30 °C and July about 15 °C, with July lows of about 8 °C.

Adding up the monthly averages gives about 547 millimeters of rain a year. June is the wettest month, with about 80 millimeters, and February the driest, with about 13.

WMO World Weather Information Service, Adelaide (Adelaide Airport station, 1981–2010): average highs from 15.3 °C in July to 29.5 °C in February; average lows from 7.5 °C in July to 17.2 °C in February. Monthly rainfall sums to 546.6 mm; May to August give 287.8 mm, with June (79.9 mm) the wettest month and February (12.8 mm) the driest.

Universalis: a luminous climate of Mediterranean type, mild and moderately rainy in winter, hot and dry in summer.

February, average high (WMO, Adelaide Airport, 1981–2010)
29.5 °C
July, average low (same table)
7.5 °C
Rain in a year (sum of the monthly averages)
about 547 mm

Parks, festivals and the City

People play sports, walk dogs and have picnics in Adelaide's parks. Big festivals happen there too.

The Park Lands are where people in Adelaide play sports, exercise and relax, the City of Adelaide says, and they hold big events such as the Adelaide Fringe festival and WOMADelaide.

Inside the ring of parks is the City, Adelaide's center for government and business, with the Parliament, the university, the town hall and big shops, Universalis says. Beyond the parks spread wide suburbs of houses with gardens.

Universalis: the original town became 'the City', the center of administration and business, with Parliament, the university, the town hall, the law courts, banks and department stores; beyond the belt of parks spread large residential districts of detached houses with gardens; a satellite town, Elizabeth, was built further north to limit congestion.

Wikidata: Adelaide Festival Centre, opened 1973-06-02, 0.92 km NNW of the city point; Adelaide Oval, opened 1871, capacity 53,500, 1.37 km NNW; Adelaide Botanic Garden (1857) 1.59 km NE. ABS: the densest areas in June 2025 were near the central business district, at about 3,100 people per square kilometer.

Festivals in the Park Lands
including the Adelaide Fringe and WOMADelaide
Adelaide Festival Centre
opened 2 June 1973 (Wikidata)
Adelaide Oval
opened 1871; 53,500 seats (Wikidata)
Aerial view of the Adelaide city centre looking south-east
Photo: Douglas Barber, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons

Adelaide on the map

Find Australia on the globe. Adelaide is by the sea, in South Australia.

Adelaide lies at about 34.9° south, in South Australia, between Gulf St Vincent and the Mount Lofty Ranges. Measured from Wikidata's point for the city, the railway station is about 800 meters north-northwest, Adelaide Oval about 1.4 kilometers north-northwest and the Botanic Garden about 1.6 kilometers northeast.

The airport is about 6.6 kilometers west-southwest, and Port Adelaide about 12.7 kilometers northwest.

Adelaide lies at about 34.93° S and 138.60° E (Natural Earth point). From Wikidata's point for Adelaide: Adelaide railway station 0.82 km NNW, Adelaide Festival Centre 0.92 km NNW, Adelaide Oval 1.37 km NNW, Adelaide Botanic Garden 1.59 km NE, Adelaide Airport 6.62 km WSW, Port Adelaide 12.67 km NW.

Universalis: at the foot of the Mount Lofty Ranges, on Gulf St Vincent; North Adelaide lies across the River Torrens gardens from the center.

Latitude
about 34.9° south
Longitude
about 138.6° east
Setting
on Gulf St Vincent, at the foot of the Mount Lofty Ranges

Amazing facts

  • Adelaide's middle is wrapped in green parks!

    The City of Adelaide says the Park Lands wrap around the city in a leafy figure of eight and cover 932 hectares.

    City of Adelaide: 932 hectares of Park Lands, 29 parks and 6 city squares, embracing the city in a figure of eight.

  • Adelaide's parks may be the first planned park system in the world.

    Adelaide's Park Lands are likely the first planned public park system in the world, the Australian Heritage Council says.

    Statement of Significance: likely the world's first planned public park system and a model for the Garden City movement.

  • Adelaide's city plan was drawn by Colonel William Light.

    Colonel William Light designed and laid out Adelaide's plan, and it remains substantially intact today.

    The Park Lands and City Layout are the physical expression of Light's plan, which remains substantially intact (National Heritage List, 2008).

  • In Adelaide, the rainiest month is June.

    June is Adelaide's wettest month, with about 80 millimeters of rain, and February the driest, with about 13.

    WMO (Adelaide Airport, 1981–2010): June 79.9 mm, February 12.8 mm; 546.6 mm a year.

Words to know

planned city
a city laid out on a plan before it was built
grid
a pattern of streets that cross each other at right angles, like squares on paper
Park Lands
the ring of parks and open spaces around central Adelaide
Traditional Custodians
the Aboriginal people whose land a place is on
Mediterranean climate
a climate with warm, dry summers and mild, wetter winters
estuary
the wide mouth of a river where it meets the sea

Discovery challenge

  1. Adelaide is a city in which country?

    Adelaide is the capital of South Australia, a state of which country?

    Greater Adelaide's population is estimated by which country's Bureau of Statistics?

    • New Zealand
    • Australia
    • South Africa
    Show the answer

    Australia

    Australia!

    Australia.

    Australia (the Australian Bureau of Statistics).

  2. What goes all around the middle of Adelaide?

    What surrounds Adelaide's city center in Colonel Light's plan?

    Adelaide is the only Australian city completely enclosed by what?

    • A city wall
    • Park lands
    • A canal
    Show the answer

    Park lands

    Green park lands!

    Park lands.

    Park lands.

  3. Who drew the plan of Adelaide?

    Who designed and laid out Adelaide's plan?

    The Adelaide Park Lands and City Layout express whose plan?

    • Colonel William Light
    • Captain James Cook
    • Isaac Newton
    Show the answer

    Colonel William Light

    Colonel William Light!

    Colonel William Light.

    Colonel William Light's.

  4. In which year did Adelaide start?

    In which year was Adelaide founded, Universalis says?

    Universalis gives which year for the founding of Adelaide by British colonists?

    • 1737
    • 1837
    • 1937
    Show the answer

    1837

    1837!

    1837.

    1837.

  5. Which month is Adelaide's rainiest?

    Which month has the most rain in the WMO's Adelaide averages?

    In the WMO's 1981–2010 table for Adelaide Airport, which month is wettest (79.9 mm)?

    • February
    • June
    • December
    Show the answer

    June

    June!

    June.

    June (79.9 mm).

Nearby places

Explore next

For parents & teachers

What children will learn

  • Locate Adelaide, the capital of South Australia, on a map.
  • Explain what a planned city is and how Adelaide's Park Lands surround its center.
  • Recognize the Kaurna People as the Traditional Custodians of the Adelaide Plains.
  • Read a climate table and compare summer and winter in the Southern Hemisphere.

Recommended ages: 3 to 17 · About 15 minutes

Talk about it

  • Adelaide was planned with parks all around it. Why might a ring of parks be good for a city?
  • If you could plan a new town, where would you put the parks, schools and shops?
  • Adelaide's wettest month is June. Why are seasons the other way round in Australia?

Try at home or in class

  • City grid: draw a town on squared paper with straight streets, then color a ring of parks around it.
  • Rain bars: plot Adelaide's monthly rainfall and find the wettest and driest months.
  • Population growth: work out how many more people lived in Greater Adelaide in 2025 than the year before (18,647).

Key vocabulary: planned city, grid, Park Lands, Traditional Custodians, Mediterranean climate, estuary

Where these facts come from

  1. Wikidata , Wikimedia Foundation (CC0 1.0)
  2. Natural Earth vector data , Natural Earth (NACIS) (Public domain)
  3. Regional population, 2024-25 (released 31 March 2026) , Australian Bureau of Statistics
  4. Adélaïde , Encyclopaedia Universalis (Alain Huetz de Lemps)
  5. The Adelaide Park Lands , City of Adelaide
  6. Adelaide: a National Heritage icon , City of Adelaide
  7. Adelaide: climatological information , World Meteorological Organization, World Weather Information Service (Australia)
  8. File:Adelaide DougBarber.jpg (Doug Barber, 3 August 2005) , Wikimedia Commons
  9. Wikimedia Commons , Wikimedia Foundation (Per file (public domain, CC0, CC BY or CC BY-SA); see each media record)

Checked, not yet human-reviewed. Last updated November 1, 2026. Spotted a mistake? Tell us.

Picture credits
  • Photo: Douglas Barber, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons · source · license