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Riverside view of Guggenheim Museum, Bilbao

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Guggenheim Museum Bilbao

The Guggenheim Museum Bilbao is an art museum in Spain. Its curvy walls shine with thin metal sheets. It sits beside a river.

The Guggenheim Museum Bilbao is an art museum in Bilbao, Spain, designed by the architect Frank Gehry and built from 1993 to 1997. Its swirling shapes are covered with about 33,000 thin sheets of titanium, and it stands beside the Nervión River.

Frank Gehry's Guggenheim Museum Bilbao, built between October 1993 and October 1997 on a former industrial wharf on a curve of the Nervión, encloses 24,000 m², 9,000 m² of it for exhibitions. Designed with CATIA, software first made for the aerospace industry, it combines titanium, limestone and glass around a skylit atrium that serves 20 galleries on three levels.

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Photo: Naotake Murayama, CC BY 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons

Discover the Guggenheim Museum Bilbao

The Guggenheim Museum Bilbao is in Bilbao, a city in Spain.

It is a museum full of art. The building itself looks like a giant shiny sculpture.

The Guggenheim Museum Bilbao is a museum of art in Bilbao, in northern Spain. It stands beside the Nervión River, on a site that was once a wharf used by the port and by industry.

The Canadian American architect Frank Gehry designed it. The museum says the building has 24,000 square meters of space, and 9,000 of them are for showing art.

The museum describes Frank Gehry's building as a sculpture-like structure integrated into Bilbao's urban pattern, with 24,000 m² of floor space, 9,000 m² of it devoted to exhibitions.

Its plaza and main entrance line up with Calle Iparragirre, one of the main streets running diagonally through the city, extending the center to the museum's door. A broad stairway leads visitors down from the plaza to the Hall, overcoming the height difference between the riverside and the higher city level, so that the building does not rise above the height of its neighbors.

Where
beside the Nervión River, Bilbao, Spain
Built
October 1993 – October 1997
Architect
Frank Gehry
Floor area
24,000 m², 9,000 m² for exhibitions
Riverside view of Guggenheim Museum, Bilbao
Photo: Naotake Murayama, CC BY 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons

A museum on an old wharf

Before the museum, ships and industry used this riverbank.

Workers built the museum there in four years. It was finished in 1997.

The museum was built between October 1993 and October 1997. Its site was a former wharf, a place where ships load and unload, used by the port and by industry, on a bend of the Nervión River.

The museum says building it there helped the city win back its riverbanks and use them for culture and leisure.

Construction ran from October 1993 to October 1997. The museum explains that the site, a former wharf of port and industrial use on a curve of the Nervión, marked the recovery of the riverbanks for the city, redeveloped for culture and leisure, in an area that has since left its industrial past behind.

Because Gehry's design was mathematically complex, he worked with CATIA, advanced software first conceived for the aerospace industry, to translate his concept faithfully into the structure and to help the builders.

Through the years

Titanium, glass and limestone

The outside is covered with thin sheets of shiny metal.

The metal changes color when the weather and light change.

Gehry used three main materials: titanium, glass and limestone. He chose titanium for the outer skin after ruling out other materials and watching how a titanium sample behaved when it was pinned up outside his office.

About 33,000 very thin titanium sheets cover the building. Their finish looks rough and natural, and their color changes with the weather and the light.

The outer skin is titanium, chosen, the museum says, after other materials were ruled out and Gehry had watched a sample pinned outside his office. The approximately 33,000 extremely thin sheets give a rough, organic finish whose color shifts with weather and light; limestone and glass complete the palette.

The highest point is a large skylight shaped like a metal flower over the Atrium. At one end La Salve Bridge crosses the site, and gallery 104, an enormous column-free space beneath it, ends in a tower that seems to wrap around the bridge.

The Atrium and 20 galleries

Inside is a big, bright room under a huge skylight.

Curvy walkways, elevators and stairs lead to 20 galleries full of art.

Inside, visitors reach the Atrium, a big, bright space with curved walls, big glass walls and a huge skylight. The museum calls it the real heart of the building.

The museum's three levels are arranged around the Atrium and joined by curved walkways, titanium and glass elevators, and stairs. They lead to 20 galleries: some are rectangular rooms, and others have curvy, irregular shapes.

The Atrium, which the museum calls the real heart of the building, combines curved volumes with large glass curtain walls under a great skylight and also serves as an exhibition space. It is the axis for 20 galleries on three levels, linked by curved walkways, titanium-and-glass elevators and staircases; some galleries are orthogonal with classical proportions, others organic and irregular.

Outside, works by artists such as Louise Bourgeois, Eduardo Chillida, Yves Klein, Jeff Koons and Fujiko Nakaya stand around the building, and since 2007 La Salve Bridge has carried Daniel Buren's commissioned work Arcos rojos / Arku Gorriak.

Titanium sheets
about 33,000
Galleries
20
Levels
3, around the Atrium
Design software
CATIA, first made for aerospace
Riverside view of Guggenheim Museum, Bilbao
Photo: Naotake Murayama, CC BY 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons

The museum in the photo

In the photo, the shiny curved walls glow in the sun.

There is a giant spider sculpture, a pool and a river walk with people.

The photo, taken in November 2016 from the riverside, shows the museum's curved titanium shapes and a tall glass wall. In front are a pool of water, a giant sculpture shaped like a spider, a tall sculpture of shiny balls and a little mist. People walk along the river path on the right.

The museum says you can walk all the way around the building and see different shapes from every side.

The riverside photo (17 November 2016) shows the titanium-clad volumes, a glazed curtain wall, a pool at the building's foot, a large spider-shaped sculpture, a tall column of reflective spheres and drifting mist, the riverside walkway with visitors, the Nervión on the right and a glass high-rise behind; the record names none of the artworks.

The museum invites visitors to walk all the way around the building, which presents a different configuration from each viewpoint, and to see the artworks installed outside.

Riverside view of Guggenheim Museum, Bilbao
Photo: Naotake Murayama, CC BY 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons

Amazing facts

  • The architect picked metal for the walls after watching a sample piece outside his office.

    Gehry chose titanium after ruling out other materials and seeing how a titanium sample behaved when it was pinned up outside his office.

    Gehry settled on titanium for the skin after ruling out other materials and observing a titanium sample pinned outside his office, the museum says.

  • A computer program first made for designing aircraft and spacecraft helped design this museum.

    The building was designed with CATIA, computer software first made for the aerospace industry.

    Because of the design's mathematical complexity, Gehry used CATIA, software initially conceived for the aerospace industry, to translate it into the structure.

  • The museum has a skylight shaped like a flower.

    The highest part of the museum is a big skylight shaped like a metal flower, above the Atrium.

    The building's highest point is a large skylight in the shape of a metal flower covering the Atrium.

  • A big bridge goes right over one end of the museum.

    La Salve Bridge crosses one end of the museum's site, and a huge gallery stretches underneath it.

    Gallery 104, an enormous column-free space under La Salve Bridge, ends in a tower that appears to envelop the bridge and incorporate it into the building.

Words to know

titanium
a strong, light, silvery metal
architect
a person who designs buildings
atrium
a large, open central hall in a building, often with a glass roof
gallery
a room or space where art is shown
skylight
a window in a roof that lets in daylight
wharf
a place on a river or harbor where ships load and unload

Discovery challenge

  1. What shiny metal covers the museum?

    Which metal covers the outside of the museum in about 33,000 thin sheets?

    Which metal did Gehry choose for the building's outer skin?

    • Titanium
    • Gold
    • Copper
    Show the answer

    Titanium

    Titanium!

    Titanium, about 33,000 thin sheets.

    Titanium, with limestone and glass as the other main materials.

  2. Who designed the museum?

    Which architect designed the Guggenheim Museum Bilbao?

    Which Canadian American architect designed the museum?

    • Frank Gehry
    • Gustave Eiffel
    • Mimar Sinan
    Show the answer

    Frank Gehry

    Frank Gehry!

    Frank Gehry.

    Frank Gehry.

  3. What is the museum's bright main hall called?

    What is the bright central space with the big skylight called?

    Which space does the museum call 'the real heart' of the building?

    • The Atrium
    • The Dungeon
    • The Attic
    Show the answer

    The Atrium

    The Atrium!

    The Atrium.

    The Atrium, axis of the 20 galleries.

  4. Which river flows beside the museum?

    Beside which river does the museum stand?

    On a curve of which river was the museum built?

    • The Nervión
    • The Thames
    • The Nile
    Show the answer

    The Nervión

    The Nervión River!

    The Nervión.

    The Nervión, on a former wharf.

  5. How many years did it take to build?

    How long did building the museum take?

    From October 1993, how long did construction take?

    • Four years
    • Forty years
    • Four months
    Show the answer

    Four years

    Four years!

    Four years, from October 1993 to October 1997.

    Four years, to October 1997.

Nearby places

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For parents & teachers

What children will learn

  • Locate the Guggenheim Museum Bilbao in northern Spain and name its architect, Frank Gehry.
  • Describe the building's materials (titanium, limestone, glass) and how the titanium changes with light and weather.
  • Explain how computer software helped turn a complex design into a real building.

Recommended ages: 4 to 17 · About 15 minutes

Talk about it

  • Can a building be a work of art? What makes this one feel like a sculpture?
  • Why might a city build a museum on an old industrial riverbank?
  • Gehry tested a titanium sample outside his office. Why is testing materials important before building?

Try at home or in class

  • Crumple and smooth a sheet of aluminum foil, then shine a flashlight on it from different angles and watch how its color and shine change.
  • Build a curvy 'museum' from bent strips of card covered in foil, with a clear plastic window as its glass wall.

Key vocabulary: titanium, architect, atrium, gallery, skylight, wharf

Where these facts come from

  1. Wikidata , Wikimedia Foundation (CC0 1.0)
  2. The Building , Guggenheim Museum Bilbao
  3. The construction , Guggenheim Museum Bilbao
  4. Outside the Museum , Guggenheim Museum Bilbao
  5. Inside the Museum , Guggenheim Museum Bilbao
  6. Wikimedia Commons , Wikimedia Foundation (Per file (public domain, CC0, CC BY or CC BY-SA); see each media record)

Checked, not yet human-reviewed. Last updated November 1, 2026. Spotted a mistake? Tell us.

Picture credits
  • Photo: Naotake Murayama, CC BY 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons · source · license