Landmark Asia
Shanghai World Financial Center
The Shanghai World Financial Center is a giant skyscraper in China. It is 492 meters tall. Near the top, it has a huge hole!
The Shanghai World Financial Center is a 101-floor skyscraper in the Pudong district of Shanghai, China, finished in 2008. It is 492 meters tall and holds offices, a hotel and an observatory. Near its top, a huge opening 164 feet wide helps relieve the strong wind pressure on the tower.
Designed by Kohn Pedersen Fox and completed in 2008, the Shanghai World Financial Center rises 492 m on 101 floors in Pudong. The Council on Vertical Urbanism (CTBUH's database) ranks it 12th tallest in the world; its 164-foot portal through the upper floors relieves the enormous wind pressures on the tower.
Photo: GG001213, CC0 1.0, via Wikimedia Commons
Discover the Shanghai World Financial Center
This skyscraper stands in Shanghai, a huge city in China.
It has 101 floors. People work in it, sleep in its hotel, and look out from the top!
The Shanghai World Financial Center stands in Pudong, a district of Shanghai, China. It is 492 meters tall and has 101 floors above the ground.
The skyscraper database of the Council on Vertical Urbanism describes it as a vertical city: it holds 62 floors of offices, meeting rooms, shops and restaurants, a hotel near the top and an observatory above that.
The Council on Vertical Urbanism's database (the CTBUH Skyscraper Center) lists the tower at 492 m architectural height, 494.3 m to its tip and 474 m to its highest occupied floor, the observatory, with 101 floors above ground. It ranks the building 12th tallest in the world and 2nd tallest in Shanghai.
It describes a 'vertical city': 62 office floors, conference facilities, retail and dining, a 174-room hotel on floors 79 to 93, and a visitors' square and observatory on floors 94 to 100.
- Where
- No. 100 Century Avenue, Pudong, Shanghai, China
- Height
- 492 m (architectural); 494.3 m to the tip
- Floors
- 101 above ground
- Completed
- 2008
A long wait, then a taller tower
Building began in the 1990s. Then the work stopped for a few years.
When it started again, the tower was made even taller. It was finished in 2008.
The project was proposed in 1994. Its foundations were finished, and then, in 1995, work was put on hold.
When the project restarted in 1999, the designers made the tower taller and its base wider. That meant the new tower had to be lighter and stronger against the wind than first planned. It was completed in 2008.
The CTBUH database gives a schedule of proposal in 1994, construction start in 1997 and completion in 2008, while its project description says the work was put on hold in 1995 after the foundations were completed. When revived in 1999, both the height and the base dimensions were increased.
Reinforcing the existing piles would have been possible but costly, so the taller structure had to be made lighter while resisting higher wind loads, which, the description notes, increase sharply with height. The developer was Mori Building, and the main contractors were China State Construction Engineering Corporation and Shanghai Construction Group.
Built to stand up to the wind
Tall buildings must be strong against the wind.
This one has a giant hole near the top. It helps the tower stand up to strong winds!
The building's frame mixes concrete and steel. To make the taller tower work on the existing foundations, the structural engineer used huge columns, giant diagonal braces, steel outriggers and trusses.
The parts of the outside wall and structure repeat in a pattern every 13 floors. That made them easier to make and put in place, saving time and waste.
The structure is a concrete-steel composite. For the enlarged design, the structural engineer devised a system of composite mega-columns, diagonal mega-braces, steel outriggers, belt trusses and core wall trusses that redistributed the pile loads to take larger sideways forces from wind and earthquakes, and stiffened the perimeter.
Structure, mechanical systems and outer skin were integrated into a modular system that repeats every 13 floors, which, the database says, eased fabrication and installation and reduced construction time, waste and structural inefficiencies.
The portal and the observatory
The big hole near the top is called a portal. It is about 50 meters wide.
Visitors can ride fast elevators up to look out over the city.
The tower's boldest feature is a portal, a huge opening 164 feet (about 50 meters) wide cut through its upper floors. The skyscraper database says it relieves the enormous wind pressures on the building.
The tower's shape changes as it rises, from wide office floors at the bottom to narrower floors at the top for hotel rooms. Its fastest elevators travel 10 meters every second.
Its boldest feature, the database says, is the 164-foot-wide portal carved through the upper levels, which relieves the enormous wind pressures on the building. The tower is shaped by two sweeping arcs meeting a square prism; the tapering form gives large office floor plates at the base and rectilinear floors near the top for hotel rooms.
At street level, separate entrance blocks for the hotel, offices and shops rise from a stone-clad base. The top elevator speed is 10 m/s, and the tower's gross floor area is 381,600 m².
- Portal
- 164 feet (about 50 m) wide, through the upper floors
- Observatory
- floors 94–100; highest occupied floor 474 m
- Top elevator speed
- 10 m/s
Looking down from the Shanghai Tower
This photo was taken from an even taller building, the Shanghai Tower!
You can see the big hole at the top. Far below are glass walls and busy streets.
The photo was taken on 26 March 2017 from the 118th floor of the Shanghai Tower, so we look down on the top of the Shanghai World Financial Center. You can see the portal and a structure crossing it, the glass walls with their many lines, other towers and roads far below, and a river at the top left.
The photograph (26 March 2017, by GG001213, CC0; its Commons description says it was taken from the 118th-floor observation hall of the Shanghai Tower) looks down on the tower's top: the trapezoid-shaped portal with a glass-roofed structure crossing it, the tapering glass facade lined with horizontal bands, neighboring towers, wide road junctions and a river at the upper left.
Amazing facts
-
The tower has a hotel near the top!
A hotel with 174 rooms fills floors 79 to 93 of the tower.
A 174-room five-star hotel occupies floors 79 to 93, below the visitors' square and observatory on floors 94 to 100.
-
Its fastest elevators zoom up 10 meters every second!
The tower's fastest elevators travel at 10 meters per second.
The top elevator speed in the tower is 10 m/s.
-
The tower's parts repeat every 13 floors, like a pattern.
The structure, machinery and outer walls repeat in a module every 13 floors, to make building faster.
A modular system repeating every 13 floors integrated structure, mechanical systems and envelope to cut construction time and waste.
Words to know
- skyscraper
- a very tall building with many floors
- portal
- a large opening or doorway
- observatory
- here, a high place where visitors look out over a city
- foundation
- the strong base under a building that holds it up
- brace
- a beam that runs at an angle to make a structure stiffer
- district
- an area of a city
Discovery challenge
-
Why does the tower have a big hole near the top?
What does the portal near the top of the tower do?
According to the skyscraper database, what does the 164-foot portal relieve?
- It eases the push of the wind
- It is a door for airplanes
- It holds a giant clock
Show the answer
It eases the push of the wind
It eases the push of the strong wind!
It relieves the wind pressure on the tower.
The enormous wind pressures on the building.
-
How many floors does the tower have?
How many floors does the Shanghai World Financial Center have above ground?
How many floors above ground does the database list?
- 101
- 10
- 1,001
Show the answer
101
101 floors!
101 floors.
101.
-
In which city is this tower?
In which city's Pudong district does the tower stand?
Which city's Century Avenue is the tower's address?
- Shanghai
- Tokyo
- Dubai
Show the answer
Shanghai
Shanghai, in China!
Shanghai, China.
Shanghai: No. 100 Century Avenue, Pudong.
-
What happened to the building work in 1995?
What happened to the project in 1995, after the foundations were finished?
What happened in 1995, before the design was enlarged in 1999?
- It stopped for a while
- The tower fell down
- It moved to another city
Show the answer
It stopped for a while
It stopped for a while, then started again!
It was put on hold; it restarted in 1999.
The project was put on hold after the foundations were completed.
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For parents & teachers
What children will learn
- Locate Shanghai and describe the tower's height, floors and uses.
- Explain why wind matters for tall buildings and what the tower's portal does.
- Describe how engineers changed a design to make a taller tower lighter and stronger.
Recommended ages: 4 to 17 · About 15 minutes
Talk about it
- Why might wind be a bigger problem for a very tall building than for a house?
- The tower holds offices, a hotel and an observatory. What else would you put in a 'vertical city'?
- The work stopped for a few years and then the design changed. What could be good about having time to rethink a plan?
Try at home or in class
- Stand two cardboard tall 'towers' in front of a fan, one solid and one with a hole cut near the top, and compare how much each wobbles.
- Stack paper cups to build the tallest tower you can, then test which shapes stand up best to a gentle breeze.
Key vocabulary: skyscraper, portal, observatory, foundation, brace, district
Where these facts come from
- Wikidata , Wikimedia Foundation (CC0 1.0)
- Shanghai World Financial Center , The Skyscraper Center (Council on Vertical Urbanism / CTBUH)
- File:上海国际金融中心.jpg , Wikimedia Commons
- Wikimedia Commons , Wikimedia Foundation (Per file (public domain, CC0, CC BY or CC BY-SA); see each media record)
Checked, not yet human-reviewed. Last updated November 1, 2026. Spotted a mistake? Tell us.