City Asia
Luang Prabang
Luang Prabang is a town in Laos. It sits where two rivers meet, with green mountains all around.
Luang Prabang is a town in northern Laos, built on a peninsula where the Nam Khan River meets the Mekong. From the 14th to the 16th century it was the capital of the kingdom of Lane Xang, the 'Kingdom of a Million Elephants'. UNESCO lists the town as a World Heritage Site for the way it mixes traditional Lao buildings with buildings from colonial times.
Luang Prabang, a provincial capital on the upper Mekong (Larousse), 219 km north of Vientiane, stands on a peninsula formed by the Mekong and the Nam Khan (Store norske leksikon; UNESCO). Capital of Lane Xang from the 14th to the 16th century (UNESCO); World Heritage Site since 1995 (Store norske leksikon). Census of 1 March 2015: urban population of Luang Prabang district 66,781 (Lao Statistics Bureau, via City Population).
Photo: Shelly Zohar (שלי זוהר), CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons
Discover Luang Prabang
Luang Prabang is a town in Laos.
Two rivers meet there, and green mountains stand all around it.
Luang Prabang lies in northern Laos, 219 kilometers north of the capital, Vientiane. Store norske leksikon, Norway's big encyclopedia, says the town stands on a peninsula formed by the Mekong and the Nam Khan River. UNESCO adds that mountain ranges surround it in lush greenery.
Laos's census of 1 March 2015 counted 66,781 people in the urban part of Luang Prabang district, the fourth largest town on City Population's list for Laos.
Store norske leksikon ('Luang Prabang', Cato Næverdal and Sten Lundbo): a town in Laos 219 km north of Vientiane, on a peninsula formed by the Mekong and the Nam Khan; an international airport; a railway to Vientiane opened in 2021; placed on UNESCO's World Heritage List in 1995. UNESCO (479, 'Town of Luang Prabang'): in northern Laos at the heart of a mountainous region; on a peninsula formed by the Mekong and the Nam Khan; mountain ranges, in particular Phou Thao and Phou Nang, encircle the city in lush greenery. Larousse ('Luang Prabang ou Louang Prabang'): a city of Laos on the upper Mekong, chef-lieu of a province. City Population (Lao Statistics Bureau): urban population of Luang Prabang district 55,027 (census 1 March 2005), 66,781 (census 1 March 2015), fourth among Laos's cities; Luangprabang Province 431,889 (2015).
- Where
- northern Laos, 219 km north of Vientiane, on a peninsula between the Mekong and the Nam Khan (Store norske leksikon)
- People (census 2015, urban population)
- 66,781
- World Heritage Site
- the Town of Luang Prabang, listed in 1995 (Store norske leksikon; UNESCO)
- Province
- the main town of its province (Larousse)
Roofs, palm trees and a river
Look at the river winding past the town!
Red and gray roofs peek out between palm trees, and mountains rise behind.
Shelly Zohar took this photo of Luang Prabang from above in 2019. A river curves past sandbanks on the left, with a bridge across it, low buildings with red, orange and gray roofs stand among palm trees and green trees, a long straight street runs through the town on the right, and forested mountains rise behind under a pale sky.
UNESCO says most of the town's buildings are made of wood, as is the tradition, while one- or two-story brick houses are the part built in colonial times. Long ago, walls marked the edge of the town.
Commons: File:Luang Prabang, Laos. III.jpg, by Shelly Zohar (Creator template; CC BY-SA 4.0; permission confirmed through a Wikimedia VRT ticket, 2019121510000351), dated 2019, uploaded 15 December 2019 by a VRT volunteer (Geagea); the description is only the place name; the categories were set by another user in April 2020. Seen in the 1,280-pixel copy: a river curving past sandbanks at the left with a bridge, low buildings with red, orange and gray roofs among palm trees and green trees, a long straight street at the right, forested mountains behind, a pale clear sky. UNESCO: the richness of Luang Prabang's architecture reflects a mix of styles and materials; most buildings are, following tradition, wooden structures; one- or two-story brick houses characterize the colonial element; formerly the town limits were defined by defensive walls; the colonial street network overlapped harmoniously with the older urban model.
- In the photo
- Luang Prabang from above, 2019 (Shelly Zohar)
- Buildings
- most are wooden, as tradition goes; one- or two-story brick houses are the colonial part of the town (UNESCO)
- Old town limits
- once marked by defensive walls (UNESCO)
The Kingdom of a Million Elephants
Long ago, Luang Prabang was the capital of a kingdom.
It was called the Kingdom of a Million Elephants!
Larousse says the town was established on a prehistoric site. From the 14th to the 16th century it was the capital of the powerful kingdom of Lane Xang, the 'Kingdom of a Million Elephants', says UNESCO, whose wealth was linked to its place on the Silk Route. In 1563 the capital moved to Vientiane.
UNESCO says the town is an outstanding example of how traditional Lao buildings and town planning were blended with buildings put up by European colonial authorities in the 19th and 20th centuries.
Larousse: established on a prehistoric site; in the 14th century it became the capital of the kingdom of Lan Xang; in 1563 the capital was transferred to Vientiane. UNESCO: from the 14th to the 16th century the capital of the powerful kingdom of Lane Xang (Kingdom of a Million Elephants), whose wealth and influence were related to its strategic location on the Silk Route; an outstanding example of the fusion of traditional architecture and Lao urban structures with those built by the European colonial authorities in the 19th and 20th centuries; its remarkably well-preserved townscape illustrates a key stage in the blending of two distinct cultural traditions.
- 14th to 16th century
- capital of the kingdom of Lane Xang, the 'Kingdom of a Million Elephants' (UNESCO)
- Trade
- the kingdom's wealth and influence were linked to its place on the Silk Route (UNESCO)
- 1563
- the capital moved to Vientiane (Larousse)
Rivers, a railway and an airport
Boats travel on the rivers, and trains run to the capital.
The town also has an airport.
Larousse calls Luang Prabang a crossroads of river routes. Store norske leksikon says it has an international airport, and that in 2021 a railway opened between Vientiane and Luang Prabang.
On Wikidata, the international airport is about 3 kilometers east-northeast of the town's point, and Luang Prabang Railway Station about 8.7 kilometers east-southeast.
Larousse: 'carrefour fluvial, desservi par un aérodrome'. Store norske leksikon: an international airport; a railway connection between Vientiane and Luang Prabang opened in 2021. Wikidata from the town point (Q190165): a point on the Nam Khan (Q15947844) 1.43 km NE; Luang Prabang International Airport (Q1077327) 3.06 km ENE; Luang Prabang Railway Station (Q108939459) 8.66 km ESE.
- River crossroads
- a meeting point of river routes, served by an airfield (Larousse)
- 2021
- a railway between Vientiane and Luang Prabang opened (Store norske leksikon)
- Luang Prabang International Airport
- about 3 km east-northeast of the town's point (Wikidata)
A dry season and a rainy season
From May to September it rains a lot in Luang Prabang.
In December and January there is hardly any rain, and April is the hottest month.
The World Meteorological Organization's averages for Luang Prabang, from the Lao weather service, cover 1951 to 2000; the weather station is about 1.2 kilometers south-southwest of the town's point. April is the hottest month, with an average high of 34.6 °C. In January the average high is 27.7 °C and nights average 14.2 °C.
About 1,248 millimeters of rain fall in a year, most of it from May to September. August is the wettest month, with 226.5 millimeters, while December and January get only about 13 millimeters each.
WMO World Weather Information Service, Luangphrabang (Department of Meteorology and Hydrology, Lao PDR; period 1951-2000 as given in the data; station point 19.88° N, 102.13° E, 1.22 km SSW of the town point): mean daily maximum 26.5 °C (Dec) to 34.6 °C (Apr); mean daily minimum 14.2 °C (Jan) to 24.3 °C (Jun). Rainfall 13.0 mm (Dec) and 13.5 mm (Jan) to 226.5 mm (Aug); sum 1,248.2 mm; May to September together 942.6 mm; 1 (Dec, Jan) to 20 (Aug) rain days, 114 a year (no rain-day threshold given).
- April, average daily high and low (WMO, Luangphrabang, 1951–2000)
- 34.6 °C and 21.3 °C
- January, average daily high and low (same table)
- 27.7 °C and 14.2 °C
- Rain in a year (twelve months added up)
- about 1,248 mm
Lacquer, gold and silver
Craftspeople in Luang Prabang make shiny lacquer, and gold and silver things.
There are waterfalls not far away.
Larousse calls Luang Prabang a center of trade and crafts, known for lacquer work and for gold and silver work. Store norske leksikon calls it a cultural center of Lao culture.
On Wikidata, the Tat Sae Waterfalls are about 10 kilometers east-southeast of the town's point.
Larousse: 'centre de commerce et d'artisanat (laque, travail de l'or et de l'argent)'. Store norske leksikon: a cultural center for Lao culture. Wikidata from the town point: Tat Sae Waterfalls (Q7687776) 10.34 km ESE; the mountains Phou Phachik (Q27437828) 6.95 km WSW and Phou Thua (Q27437830) 10.70 km E.
- Trade and crafts
- a center of trade and crafts: lacquer, and gold and silver work (Larousse)
- Culture
- a cultural center of Lao culture (Store norske leksikon)
- Tat Sae Waterfalls
- about 10 km east-southeast of the town's point (Wikidata)
Luang Prabang on the map
Find Laos on the globe. Look in the north, where two rivers meet. There is Luang Prabang!
Luang Prabang lies at about 19.89° north and 102.13° east, on a peninsula between the Mekong and the Nam Khan, 219 kilometers north of Vientiane.
On Wikidata, the airport is about 3 kilometers east-northeast of the town's point, the railway station about 8.7 kilometers east-southeast and the Tat Sae Waterfalls about 10 kilometers east-southeast.
Luang Prabang lies at about 19.89° N, 102.13° E (Wikidata point of Luang Prabang, Q190165; the sheet point is 0.94 km SE of it). Wikidata from the town point: Nam Khan point 1.43 km NE; Luang Prabang International Airport 3.06 km ENE; Phou Phachik 6.95 km WSW; Luang Prabang Railway Station 8.66 km ESE; Tat Sae Waterfalls 10.34 km ESE.
- Latitude
- about 19.89° north
- Longitude
- about 102.13° east
- Vientiane
- 219 km to the south (Store norske leksikon)
Amazing facts
-
Luang Prabang was once the capital of the 'Kingdom of a Million Elephants'!
UNESCO says that from the 14th to the 16th century Luang Prabang was the capital of the kingdom of Lane Xang, the 'Kingdom of a Million Elephants'.
UNESCO: capital of the powerful kingdom of Lane Xang (Kingdom of a Million Elephants) from the 14th to the 16th century; its wealth and influence were related to its strategic location on the Silk Route.
-
Most buildings in Luang Prabang are made of wood!
UNESCO says most of Luang Prabang's buildings are wooden, as tradition goes, while one- or two-story brick houses come from colonial times.
UNESCO: the majority of the buildings are, following tradition, wooden structures; one- or two-story brick houses characterize the colonial element of the town.
-
Since 2021, a train runs between Luang Prabang and Vientiane!
Store norske leksikon says a railway between Vientiane and Luang Prabang opened in 2021.
Store norske leksikon: in 2021 a railway connection between Vientiane and Luang Prabang was opened.
Words to know
- peninsula
- a piece of land with water on most sides
- World Heritage Site
- a place UNESCO lists as so important that it should be protected for everyone
- kingdom
- a country or land ruled by a king or queen
- lacquer
- a hard, shiny coating painted onto wood and other things
- Silk Route
- old trade routes that linked Asia with other parts of the world
- colonial
- from the time when a country was ruled by another, faraway country
Discovery challenge
-
Luang Prabang is a town in which country?
Luang Prabang, 219 kilometers north of Vientiane, is in which country?
Luang Prabang, on the upper Mekong, is in which country?
- Laos
- Sri Lanka
- Canada
Show the answer
Laos
Laos!
Laos.
Laos.
-
Which big river flows past Luang Prabang?
Luang Prabang stands on a peninsula formed by the Nam Khan and which big river?
The peninsula of Luang Prabang is formed by the Nam Khan and which river?
- The Mekong
- The Nile
- The Amazon
Show the answer
The Mekong
The Mekong!
The Mekong.
The Mekong.
-
What was the old kingdom of Luang Prabang called?
Lane Xang, whose capital was Luang Prabang, was known as the Kingdom of a Million what?
UNESCO gives which nickname for the kingdom of Lane Xang?
- The Kingdom of a Million Elephants
- The Kingdom of a Thousand Lakes
- The Kingdom of the Golden Sun
Show the answer
The Kingdom of a Million Elephants
The Kingdom of a Million Elephants!
A Million Elephants.
Kingdom of a Million Elephants.
-
Which month brings the most rain to Luang Prabang?
In WMO's 1951-2000 averages, which is Luang Prabang's wettest month?
Which month has the highest mean rainfall in WMO's Luangphrabang normals?
- August
- December
- February
Show the answer
August
August!
August, with 226.5 millimeters.
August, 226.5 mm.
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For parents & teachers
What children will learn
- Locate Luang Prabang on a peninsula between the Mekong and the Nam Khan.
- Learn that the town was the capital of Lane Xang, the 'Kingdom of a Million Elephants'.
- Explain why UNESCO lists a whole town as a World Heritage Site.
- Read a climate table and find a town's dry season and rainy season.
Recommended ages: 3 to 17 · About 15 minutes
Talk about it
- Why might people build a town where two rivers meet?
- Why might a town keep its old wooden houses instead of replacing them?
- How might a new railway change life in a town that once mostly used rivers?
Try at home or in class
- River peninsula: in a sandbox or on paper, draw two rivers that meet and build a little town on the point of land between them.
- Rain bars: draw twelve bars for Luang Prabang's monthly rain, from 13 millimeters in December to 226.5 in August, and color the rainy months.
- Shiny coat: paint clear varnish or glue on a piece of cardboard and compare it with an unpainted piece to see what a lacquer-like coat does.
Key vocabulary: peninsula, World Heritage Site, kingdom, lacquer, Silk Route, colonial
Where these facts come from
- Wikidata , Wikimedia Foundation (CC0 1.0)
- Natural Earth vector data , Natural Earth (NACIS) (Public domain)
- Luang Prabang , Store norske leksikon
- Town of Luang Prabang , UNESCO World Heritage Centre
- Luang Prabang ou Louang Prabang , Larousse
- Laos: Provinces, Major Cities & Urban Localities , City Population (Thomas Brinkhoff), from the Lao Statistics Bureau
- Luangphrabang: climatological information (1951–2000) , World Meteorological Organization, World Weather Information Service
- File:Luang Prabang, Laos. III.jpg , Wikimedia Commons
- Wikimedia Commons , Wikimedia Foundation (Per file (public domain, CC0, CC BY or CC BY-SA); see each media record)
Checked, not yet human-reviewed. Last updated November 1, 2026. Spotted a mistake? Tell us.