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Cagayan De Oro City skyline

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Cagayan de Oro

Cagayan de Oro is a big city in the Philippines. It is on the island of Mindanao!

Cagayan de Oro is a city in the north of Mindanao, one of the two biggest islands of the Philippines. The encyclopedia Larousse calls it a farm market and a center of gold mining. The Philippines' 2024 census counted 741,617 people in the city.

Cagayan de Oro, a city in the north of the island of Mindanao (Larousse), had 741,617 inhabitants at the Philippine census of 1 July 2024 (City Population, from the Philippine Statistics Authority), up from 339,598 at the 1990 census; Larousse describes it as an agricultural market and a center of gold-mining operations.

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Photo: Patrickroque01, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons

Discover Cagayan de Oro

Cagayan de Oro is a city in the Philippines, a country made of many islands.

It is on Mindanao, one of the biggest islands.

Cagayan de Oro is a city in the north of Mindanao. The French encyclopedia Larousse says Mindanao and Luzon are the two largest islands of the Philippines, an archipelago of more than 7,000 islands.

The Philippines' census of 1 July 2024 counted 741,617 people in Cagayan de Oro. City Population lists it in the province of Misamis Oriental.

Larousse ('Cagayan de Oro'): a town of the Philippines in the north of the island of Mindanao; population 461,877 (2000 census); an agricultural market and a center of gold-mining operations. Larousse ('Philippines'): an archipelago of more than 7,000 islands and islets; Luzon and Mindanao, the two largest, hold two-thirds of the area and of the population. City Population (from the Philippine Statistics Authority), 'Cagayan de Oro', status City, listed under 'Misamis Oriental (incl. City of Cagayan de Oro)': 339,598 (census 1 May 1990), 461,877 (1 May 2000), 602,088 (1 May 2010), 675,950 (1 August 2015), 728,402 (1 May 2020) and 741,617 (1 July 2024).

Country
the Philippines, in the north of the island of Mindanao (Larousse)
People in the city (census, 1 July 2024)
741,617
Province
listed under Misamis Oriental (City Population)
Known for
a farm market and gold mining (Larousse)
Cagayan De Oro City skyline
Photo: Patrickroque01, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons

Towers, rooftops and the bay

Look at the tall towers and all the rooftops!

Far away, you can see water and hills.

Patrickroque01 took this photo of Cagayan de Oro from high above in 2023. It shows tall towers, rows of lower buildings with green and red roofs among trees, an oval track around a field in the front, with a red area at one end, and water and hazy hills far away under a pink and gray sky.

On Wikidata, Plaza Divisoria, a park, is about 0.9 kilometers southwest of the city's point, and the Port of Cagayan de Oro, a seaport on Macajalar Bay, about 2.0 kilometers northeast.

Commons: 'CDO CM Recto-Corrales skyline alt (Cagayan De Oro City; 12-08-2023)', own work by Patrickroque01 (Patrick Roque; CC BY-SA 4.0 and GFDL), described as the 'Cagayan De Oro City skyline'; first uploaded to English Wikipedia in December 2023 and imported to Commons; the date is written 12-08-2023 (day and month order not stated), so only the year is used. The photo shows high-rise towers, low and mid-rise buildings among trees, an oval track around a field in the foreground, with a red area at one end, tall cranes at the far left and water with hazy hills on the horizon. Wikidata, from the city point (Q1645): Plaza Divisoria (Q137145712), a park, 0.92 km SW; Port of Cagayan de Oro (Q28933120), a seaport next to Macajalar Bay (Q14395416), 1.96 km NE.

In the photo
Cagayan de Oro from high above, 2023 (Patrickroque01)
Plaza Divisoria
a park about 0.9 km southwest of the city's point (Wikidata)
Port of Cagayan de Oro
a seaport on Macajalar Bay, about 2.0 km northeast of the city's point (Wikidata)
Cagayan De Oro City skyline
Photo: Patrickroque01, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons

A city that more than doubled

Long ago, fewer people lived in Cagayan de Oro.

The 2024 count found more than 700,000 people!

The Philippines counted its people in 1990, 2000, 2010, 2015, 2020 and 2024. City Population lists Cagayan de Oro's numbers from each count: 339,598 people in 1990, 461,877 in 2000, 602,088 in 2010, 675,950 in 2015, 728,402 in 2020 and 741,617 in 2024.

That means the 2024 census counted more than twice as many people as the 1990 census.

City Population, 'Cagayan de Oro' (City): 339,598 (census 1 May 1990), 461,877 (1 May 2000), 602,088 (1 May 2010), 675,950 (1 August 2015), 728,402 (1 May 2020), 741,617 (1 July 2024); 741,617 ÷ 339,598 ≈ 2.18. Larousse gives the 2000 census figure, 461,877, the same as City Population.

1990 census
339,598 people (City Population)
2000 census
461,877 people (City Population; Larousse gives the same figure)
2024 census
741,617 people (City Population)

Through the years

Port, river and bay

Ships come to Cagayan de Oro's port.

A river and a bay are close by.

On Wikidata, the Port of Cagayan de Oro is a seaport next to Macajalar Bay, about 2.0 kilometers northeast of the city's point. Wikidata describes the Cagayan River as a river in the northern central part of the island of Mindanao; its point is about 2.3 kilometers north of the city's point.

The photo of the city shows tall cranes and water at the far left, under hazy hills.

Wikidata from the city point (Q1645): Port of Cagayan de Oro (Q28933120), a seaport, located next to Macajalar Bay (Q14395416), 1.96 km NE; Cagayan River (Q1025710), 'river in the northern central part of the island of Mindanao', point 2.32 km N (elevation 4 m); Macajalar Bay, a bay, point 11.12 km N.

Seaport
Port of Cagayan de Oro, on Macajalar Bay (Wikidata)
River
the Cagayan River, a river of northern central Mindanao; its Wikidata point is about 2.3 km north of the city's point
Bay
Macajalar Bay (Wikidata)

A tropical country

The Philippines has a tropical climate.

Cagayan de Oro is north of the equator, in the warm tropics.

Larousse describes the climate of the Philippines, all its islands together, as tropical, with frequent typhoons, which are powerful storms.

Cagayan de Oro lies at about 8.48° north, between the equator and the Tropic of Cancer. The World Meteorological Organization's weather page for the city lists no monthly averages, so Larousse's line for the whole country is the guide here.

Larousse ('Philippines'): the archipelago has a tropical climate with frequent typhoons (a statement for the whole country, not a city table). No climate table is given here: the World Meteorological Organization's entry for Cagayan de Oro City lists no climate averages. Wikidata point of Cagayan de Oro: 8.483° N, 124.65° E.

Climate of the Philippines
tropical, with frequent typhoons (Larousse, for the whole archipelago)
Islands
more than 7,000 islands and islets (Larousse)
Latitude
about 8.48° north, in the tropics (Wikidata)

Farms and gold

Farmers bring food to sell in Cagayan de Oro.

People also dig for gold in the area!

Larousse describes Cagayan de Oro as an agricultural market, a place where farm goods are bought and sold, and as a center of gold-mining operations.

For the Philippines as a whole, Larousse says the country is still largely agricultural, growing mainly rice and corn. City Population lists Cagayan de Oro among the cities and municipalities of Mindanao, in the province of Misamis Oriental, where 1,729,682 people were counted in 2024, the city included.

Larousse ('Cagayan de Oro'): marché agricole et centre d'exploitations aurifères. Larousse ('Philippines'): the country remains largely agricultural (rice and corn, among others). City Population lists the city among the cities and municipalities of Mindanao, under the province of Misamis Oriental.

Trade
an agricultural market (Larousse)
Mining
a center of gold-mining operations (Larousse)
Farming in the Philippines
mostly rice and corn (Larousse, for the whole country)
Cagayan De Oro City skyline
Photo: Patrickroque01, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons

Cagayan de Oro on the map

Find the Philippines on the globe, then the big island of Mindanao. Cagayan de Oro is in its north.

Cagayan de Oro lies at about 8.48° north and 124.65° east, in the north of the island of Mindanao. On Wikidata, the point for Macajalar Bay is about 11 kilometers north of the city's point.

Plaza Divisoria is about 0.9 kilometers southwest of the city's point, and the port about 2.0 kilometers northeast.

Cagayan de Oro lies at about 8.48° N, 124.65° E (Wikidata point, Q1645). The sheet point [124.6853, 8.4508] is 5.31 km SE of it (over the 5 km rule: map markers here use the Wikidata point). Wikidata from the city point: Plaza Divisoria 0.92 km SW; Port of Cagayan de Oro 1.96 km NE; Cagayan River 2.32 km N; Macajalar Bay 11.12 km N.

Latitude
about 8.48° north
Longitude
about 124.65° east
Island
Mindanao, in its north (Larousse)

Amazing facts

  • People dig for gold near Cagayan de Oro!

    The encyclopedia Larousse calls Cagayan de Oro a center of gold-mining operations as well as a farm market.

    Larousse ('Cagayan de Oro'): marché agricole et centre d'exploitations aurifères.

  • The Philippines has more than 7,000 islands!

    Larousse says the Philippines is made of more than 7,000 islands and islets, and that Mindanao and Luzon are the two biggest.

    Larousse ('Philippines'): more than 7,000 islands and islets; Luzon and Mindanao together hold two-thirds of the area.

  • Between 1990 and 2024, Cagayan de Oro more than doubled in people!

    The 1990 census counted 339,598 people in Cagayan de Oro, and the 2024 census 741,617: more than twice as many.

    City Population: 339,598 (1990) and 741,617 (2024), a ratio of about 2.18.

Words to know

census
an official count of all the people living in a place
archipelago
a group of many islands
seaport
a place on the coast where ships load and unload
bay
a part of the sea that curves into the land
typhoon
a very strong storm with heavy rain and wind, in parts of Asia and the Pacific
tropical
belonging to the warm part of the Earth near the equator

Discovery challenge

  1. Cagayan de Oro is on which island?

    On which Philippine island is Cagayan de Oro?

    In the north of which island does Larousse place Cagayan de Oro?

    • Mindanao
    • Iceland
    • Madagascar
    Show the answer

    Mindanao

    Mindanao!

    Mindanao.

    Mindanao.

  2. Which shiny metal do people dig for near Cagayan de Oro?

    Larousse calls Cagayan de Oro a center of mining for which metal?

    Besides being an agricultural market, Cagayan de Oro is a center of mining for what, according to Larousse?

    • Gold
    • Copper
    • Iron
    Show the answer

    Gold

    Gold!

    Gold.

    Gold (exploitations aurifères).

  3. How many islands does the Philippines have?

    About how many islands make up the Philippines, according to Larousse?

    Larousse says the Philippine archipelago has more than how many islands and islets?

    • More than 7,000
    • About 70
    • Just 7
    Show the answer

    More than 7,000

    More than 7,000!

    More than 7,000.

    More than 7,000.

  4. On which bay is Cagayan de Oro's seaport?

    Wikidata places the Port of Cagayan de Oro next to which bay?

    Which bay does Wikidata give as the body of water next to the Port of Cagayan de Oro?

    • Macajalar Bay
    • Hudson Bay
    • Bay of Biscay
    Show the answer

    Macajalar Bay

    Macajalar Bay!

    Macajalar Bay.

    Macajalar Bay (Q14395416).

Nearby places

Explore next

For parents & teachers

What children will learn

  • Locate Cagayan de Oro in the north of Mindanao, in the Philippines.
  • Read census numbers to see how a city grew between 1990 and 2024.
  • Explain what an agricultural market and a seaport do for a region.
  • Describe what a tropical climate and a typhoon are.

Recommended ages: 3 to 17 · About 15 minutes

Talk about it

  • Why might a city with a seaport become a market for farm goods?
  • What changes in a city when its number of people more than doubles?
  • What is it like to live in a country made of more than 7,000 islands?

Try at home or in class

  • Growth chart: draw bars for Cagayan de Oro's six census counts from 1990 to 2024.
  • Island count: on a map of the Philippines, find Luzon and Mindanao and color the two biggest islands.
  • Bay model: shape a bay from clay in a tray, pour in water and see where a port could go.

Key vocabulary: census, archipelago, seaport, bay, typhoon, tropical

Where these facts come from

  1. Wikidata , Wikimedia Foundation (CC0 1.0)
  2. Natural Earth vector data , Natural Earth (NACIS) (Public domain)
  3. Cagayan de Oro , Larousse encyclopédie
  4. Philippines , Larousse encyclopédie
  5. Philippines: Mindanao (Provinces, Cities and Municipalities) , City Population (Thomas Brinkhoff), from the Philippine Statistics Authority
  6. CDO CM Recto-Corrales skyline alt (Cagayan De Oro City; 12-08-2023) , Wikimedia Commons
  7. Wikimedia Commons , Wikimedia Foundation (Per file (public domain, CC0, CC BY or CC BY-SA); see each media record)

Checked, not yet human-reviewed. Last updated November 1, 2026. Spotted a mistake? Tell us.

Picture credits
  • Photo: Patrickroque01, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons · source · license